# 怎么用Python分析全網取暖器數據
## 引言
隨著冬季來臨,取暖器市場迎來銷售高峰。電商平臺、社交媒體和評測網站每天產生海量數據,這些數據隱藏著消費者偏好、產品趨勢和市場機會。本文將詳細介紹如何用Python技術棧采集、清洗和分析全網取暖器數據,幫助商家、研究者和愛好者獲取深度市場洞察。
## 一、數據采集:多源數據獲取
### 1.1 電商平臺數據爬取
```python
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import pandas as pd
def scrape_jd(keyword, pages=5):
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
products = []
for page in range(1, pages+1):
url = f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={keyword}&page={page}'
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
for item in soup.select('.gl-item'):
product = {
'title': item.select_one('.p-name em').text.strip(),
'price': item.select_one('.p-price i').text,
'comments': item.select_one('.p-commit a').text.replace('+', ''),
'shop': item.select_one('.p-shop a').text if item.select_one('.p-shop a') else '自營'
}
products.append(product)
return pd.DataFrame(products)
# 示例:爬取京東前5頁取暖器數據
heater_df = scrape_jd('取暖器', 5)
import tweepy
import weibo
# Twitter API配置
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
auth.set_access_token(access_token, access_token_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth)
# 獲取最近100條取暖器相關推文
tweets = [tweet.text for tweet in api.search(q='space heater', count=100)]
使用Selenium自動化瀏覽器獲取動態加載內容:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.consumerreports.org/heaters/')
reviews = []
for item in driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.crux-product-card'):
reviews.append({
'model': item.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.name').text,
'rating': item.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.rating').get_attribute('aria-label'),
'price': item.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.price').text
})
# 填充缺失值
heater_df['comments'] = heater_df['comments'].fillna('0').str.extract('(\d+)')[0].astype(int)
# 價格標準化
heater_df['price'] = heater_df['price'].str.replace('¥', '').astype(float)
# 去除重復數據
heater_df = heater_df.drop_duplicates(subset=['title'])
import re
import jieba
def clean_text(text):
# 去除特殊字符
text = re.sub(r'[^\w\s]', '', text)
# 中文分詞
return ' '.join(jieba.cut(text))
heater_df['clean_title'] = heater_df['title'].apply(clean_text)
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
scaler = MinMaxScaler()
heater_df[['norm_price', 'norm_comments']] = scaler.fit_transform(
heater_df[['price', 'comments']]
)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
plt.figure(figsize=(10,6))
sns.histplot(heater_df['price'], bins=20, kde=True)
plt.title('取暖器價格分布')
plt.xlabel('價格(元)')
plt.ylabel('商品數量')
plt.savefig('price_distribution.png')
# 提取品牌信息(示例)
brands = ['美的', '格力', '艾美特', '先鋒', '戴森']
heater_df['brand'] = heater_df['title'].apply(
lambda x: next((b for b in brands if b in x), '其他')
brand_stats = heater_df.groupby('brand').agg({
'price': 'mean',
'comments': 'sum'
}).sort_values('comments', ascending=False)
from snownlp import SnowNLP
def get_sentiment(text):
return SnowNLP(text).sentiments
heater_df['sentiment'] = heater_df['clean_title'].apply(get_sentiment)
from mlxtend.frequent_patterns import apriori
from mlxtend.frequent_patterns import association_rules
# 創建特征矩陣(示例)
features = pd.get_dummies(heater_df['brand'].apply(pd.Series).stack()).sum(level=0)
# 挖掘頻繁項集
frequent_itemsets = apriori(features, min_support=0.1, use_colnames=True)
rules = association_rules(frequent_itemsets, metric="lift", min_threshold=1)
from statsmodels.tsa.arima.model import ARIMA
# 假設有按日統計的銷量數據
model = ARIMA(sales_data, order=(5,1,0))
model_fit = model.fit()
forecast = model_fit.forecast(steps=7) # 預測未來7天
使用CNN識別產品圖片特征:
from tensorflow.keras.applications import ResNet50
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing import image
model = ResNet50(weights='imagenet', include_top=False)
def extract_features(img_path):
img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(224, 224))
x = image.img_to_array(img)
x = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)
return model.predict(x)
import geopandas as gpd
from shapely.geometry import Point
# 創建地理坐標點
geometry = [Point(xy) for xy in zip(heater_df['lng'], heater_df['lat'])]
gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame(heater_df, geometry=geometry)
# 繪制熱力圖
gdf.plot(column='sales', cmap='OrRd', legend=True)
import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('heaters.db')
heater_df.to_sql('products', conn, if_exists='replace', index=False)
使用Airflow設置定時任務:
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.operators.python_operator import PythonOperator
default_args = {
'owner': 'airflow',
'start_date': datetime(2023, 1, 1)
}
dag = DAG('heater_analysis', default_args=default_args, schedule_interval='@weekly')
scrape_task = PythonOperator(
task_id='scrape_data',
python_callable=scrape_heaters,
dag=dag
)
analyze_task = PythonOperator(
task_id='analyze_data',
python_callable=analyze_heaters,
dag=dag
)
scrape_task >> analyze_task
通過Python分析取暖器市場數據,我們可以從海量信息中提取有價值的商業洞察。本文介紹的技術棧同樣適用于其他消費品類的分析,只需調整數據源和分析維度。隨著人工智能技術的發展,未來還可以結合大語言模型進行更深度的文本分析和預測。
關鍵收獲: - 多源數據整合能力至關重要 - 數據清洗往往消耗70%的分析時間 - 可視化是傳達洞察的高效方式 - 自動化可以持續監控市場變化
提示:實際應用中請注意遵守各平臺的數據使用政策,商業用途建議使用官方API獲取數據。完整代碼示例可在GitHub倉庫獲?。ㄊ纠溄樱?。 “`
這篇文章提供了從數據采集到高級分析的完整技術路線,包含可執行的代碼示例和實際應用建議,總字數約2150字。如需擴展特定部分或添加更多案例細節,可以進一步補充內容。
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