# Android中Package Manager怎么使用
## 一、Package Manager概述
Package Manager(包管理器)是Android系統中負責管理應用程序包的核心組件,它提供了安裝、卸載、查詢應用程序信息等一系列關鍵功能。作為系統級服務,Package Manager在整個Android架構中扮演著重要角色。
### 1.1 基本功能
- 應用程序安裝與卸載
- 權限管理
- 組件信息查詢(Activity/Service等)
- APK元數據讀?。ò姹咎?、圖標等)
- 安裝位置管理(內部存儲/SD卡)
### 1.2 系統架構位置
Package Manager Service運行在system_server進程中,客戶端通過Binder機制與其交互。應用層通過Context.getPackageManager()獲取訪問接口。
## 二、獲取Package Manager實例
### 2.1 在Activity中獲取
```java
PackageManager pm = getPackageManager();
PackageManager pm = getApplicationContext().getPackageManager();
PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager();
PackageManager pm = context.getApplicationContext().getPackageManager();
try {
PackageInfo info = pm.getPackageInfo(getPackageName(), 0);
String versionName = info.versionName;
int versionCode = info.versionCode;
} catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
List<ApplicationInfo> apps = pm.getInstalledApplications(0);
for (ApplicationInfo app : apps) {
String appName = app.loadLabel(pm).toString();
Drawable icon = app.loadIcon(pm);
}
// 獲取所有啟動Activity
Intent mainIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MN, null);
mainIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
List<ResolveInfo> activities = pm.queryIntentActivities(mainIntent, 0);
ComponentName component = new ComponentName(this, MainActivity.class);
ActivityInfo activityInfo = pm.getActivityInfo(component, 0);
ComponentName serviceComponent = new ComponentName(this, MyService.class);
ServiceInfo serviceInfo = pm.getServiceInfo(serviceComponent, 0);
ComponentName receiverComponent = new ComponentName(this, MyReceiver.class);
ActivityInfo receiverInfo = pm.getReceiverInfo(receiverComponent, 0);
if (pm.checkPermission(
Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
"com.example.package") == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// 已授權
}
PackageInfo packageInfo = pm.getPackageInfo(
"com.example.package",
PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS);
String[] requestedPermissions = packageInfo.requestedPermissions;
Uri apkUri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/sdcard/app.apk"));
Intent install = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSTALL_PACKAGE);
install.setData(apkUri);
install.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
startActivity(install);
Uri packageUri = Uri.parse("package:com.example.app");
Intent uninstall = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, packageUri);
startActivity(uninstall);
PackageInfo packageInfo = pm.getPackageInfo(
"com.example.app",
PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES);
Signature[] signatures = packageInfo.signatures;
String installerPackage = pm.getInstallerPackageName("com.example.app");
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo = pm.getCompatibilityInfo(
"com.example.app",
UserHandle.myUserId());
String[] sharedLibs = pm.getSystemSharedLibraryNames();
Package Manager的許多方法都接受flags參數,用于控制返回信息的詳細程度:
| Flag | 說明 |
|---|---|
| GET_ACTIVITIES | 包含Activity信息 |
| GET_SERVICES | 包含Service信息 |
| GET_RECEIVERS | 包含Broadcast Receiver信息 |
| GET_PROVIDERS | 包含Content Provider信息 |
| GET_META_DATA | 包含 |
| GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES | 包含共享庫信息 |
| MATCH_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES | 包含已卸載但保留數據的應用 |
| MATCH_DISABLED_COMPONENTS | 包含被禁用的組件 |
示例:
// 獲取包含所有元數據的完整包信息
PackageInfo fullInfo = pm.getPackageInfo(
"com.example.app",
PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES |
PackageManager.GET_SERVICES |
PackageManager.GET_META_DATA);
try {
PackageInfo info = pm.getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
} catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Package not found: " + packageName);
}
try {
// 需要權限的操作
} catch (SecurityException e) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.REQUESTED_PERMISSION}, REQUEST_CODE);
}
}
public boolean isUpdateAvailable(String currentVersion) {
try {
PackageInfo info = pm.getPackageInfo(
"com.example.app",
PackageManager.GET_META_DATA);
String latestVersion = info.versionName;
return !currentVersion.equals(latestVersion);
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
private void createShortcut() {
Intent shortcutIntent = new Intent();
shortcutIntent.setComponent(new ComponentName(
"com.example.app",
"com.example.app.MainActivity"));
Intent addIntent = new Intent();
addIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, shortcutIntent);
addIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, "MyApp");
addIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE,
Intent.ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(
this, R.drawable.icon));
addIntent.setAction("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT");
sendBroadcast(addIntent);
}
public boolean isAppInstalled(String packageName) {
try {
pm.getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
return true;
} catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
return false;
}
}
ShortcutManager shortcutManager = getSystemService(ShortcutManager.class);
LauncherApps launcherApps = (LauncherApps) getSystemService(Context.LAUNCHER_APPS_SERVICE);
PackageInstaller packageInstaller = pm.getPackageInstaller();
Package Manager是Android開發中非常重要的系統服務,掌握其使用方法可以幫助開發者: 1. 實現應用管理功能 2. 獲取系統及應用信息 3. 處理應用間交互 4. 實現高級系統功能
在使用時需要注意: - 合理處理權限問題 - 注意不同Android版本的API差異 - 優化性能避免頻繁調用 - 做好異常處理
通過本文的介紹,相信開發者已經能夠全面掌握Package Manager的核心用法,可以在實際項目中靈活應用這些知識。 “`
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