oracle如何實現網絡配置

這篇文章主要介紹oracle如何實現網絡配置，文中介紹的非常詳細，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完！

網絡配置的方法：

1、tnsname客戶端--A 直接修改文件
                              B 通過客戶端工具“網絡配置助手”--win端直接打開調用Linux端，netca命令調出配置工具

2、監聽器配置--服務器端

客戶端配置監聽服務室沒有任何意義的，因為客戶端沒有oracle server

監聽器配置文件：/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

服務器端配置一個監聽器

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
  ) --新的監聽器，監聽器監聽是1522端口

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一個數據庫實例被多個監聽器監聽案例

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl  status  --默認打開的是LISTENER

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1  --打開的是第二個監聽器

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:28:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER1
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:26:15
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 26 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully


將ORCL注冊到第二個監聽器：

修改監聽器配置文件：

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME=ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

通過監聽器2訪問：創建一個1522端口的連接串訪問。

      LISTENER1（1522）        LISTENER（1521）
        |                         |
        ---------------------------
               |
             ORCL
               |
           Oracle軟件

并發訪問：一個群組通過1521訪問，一個群組通過1522訪問.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一個監聽器監聽多個端口案例

方法1：服務器端用netmgr工具添加端口

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
    )
  )

方法2：直接改這個配置文件

另外兩個監聽器都需要配置SID_LIST_串，監聽器配置文件最終：

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
    )
  )


架構圖：

      LISTENER1（1522、1527~1530）        LISTENER（1521、1523~1526）
        |                                           |
        ----------------------------------------------
               |
             ORCL
               |
           Oracle軟件

嘗試通過不同的監聽器不同的端口訪問oracle server

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:41

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:48:35
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 5 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:47

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER1
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:49:08
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 5 min. 39 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

靜態注冊--監聽參數是手工添加的，啟動監聽后強制將ORCL注冊到監聽器。由于是強制的，只能確認監聽器是正確的，但是
        數據庫不一定訪問通，所以狀態為UNKNOW。但是能否訪問不是和這個狀態有關系的。
動態注冊--根據監聽配置文件中的配置，由oracle的后臺進程pmon將ORCL注冊到監聽器，而且是一定能訪問通的，因為            PMON進程會測試。但是PMON不是時時刻刻都去注冊的，有時間間隔，所以先啟動數據庫再啟動監聽不一定
        馬上監到，    有時間的延遲，因為pmon的工作是有時間間隔的。一旦監聽到，狀態為ready，即一定能訪問通。

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ ps -ef|grep ora_pmon
oracle    9190     1  0 11:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL


Oracle默認監聽的注冊方法是動態注冊，即往默認的監聽器LISTENER上注冊，listener.ora文件中不需要SID_LIST_LISTENER即可。但是靜態注冊必須要SID_LIST_LISTENER串和LISTENER串。

LISTENER1 =                        --LISTENER1靜態注冊
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =                                   --LISTENER動態注冊
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
    )
  )


可以改變默認的注冊監聽器：即將默認的監聽器由LISTENER改為LISTENER1（LISTENER1改為動態的，LISTENER改為靜態的），需要做以下幾步：

step1：在oracle server的tnsname.ora文件中配置一個連接串：

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1522))   --1522對應的監聽器是非默認的LISTENER1
    )
 )

step2：修改oracle參數：

SQL> alter system set local_listener=ORCL;

系統已更改。   --這樣oracle默認往1522對應的監聽器上做動態注冊。

step3：修改listener.ora文件

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =                 --LISTENER1變為動態注冊
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =     --LISTENER變為靜態注冊
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
    )
  )

step4：動態注冊不能馬上生效，要等pmon進程，有延遲，但是可以強制馬上

SQL> alter system register; --不等pmon，強制注冊

系統已更改。

step5：確認

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:05:49

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 15:46:21
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 28 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...          --LISTENER為靜態注冊
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:06:24

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER1
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 15:46:28
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 56 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   --LISTENER1為動態注冊
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

注意：
1、一個實例只能有一個動態注冊監聽器，可以有多個靜態注冊的監聽器。
2、動態注冊監聽器在某些時候是不可用的，pmon休息的時候，此時需要加一個靜態注冊監聽，這樣保證數據庫可以時時刻刻對外訪問。
3、多個監聽器可以均衡訪問的負載
4、到底用默認還是非默認的監聽器做動態注冊，取決于local_listener參數，默認是NULL，表示默認LISTENER是動態注冊的，如果有值，根據值找到動態注冊的監聽器。

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