本篇文章給大家分享的是有關android中怎么實現異步消息機制 ,小編覺得挺實用的,因此分享給大家學習,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲,話不多說,跟著小編一起來看看吧。
Handler、Message、Loopler、MessageQueen
首先看一下我們平常使用Handler的一個最常見用法。
Handler handler =new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
super.handleMessage(msg);
//這里進行一些UI操作等處理
}
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Message message = Message.obtain();
........
handler.sendMessage(message);
}
});
};看一下handler的構造函數的源碼
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
//他會調用本類中的如下構造函數
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}看到當mLooper == null時會拋一個“Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()”這個異常,所以我們在創建handler實例前首先需要調用Looper.prepare()
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
//將looper保存到ThreadLocal中,這里可以把ThreadLocal理解為一個以當前線程為鍵的Map,所以一個線程中只會有一個looper
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
//我們看到在new Looper(quitAllowed)中,創建了一個消息隊列MessageQueen
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}接下來我們看handler.sendMessage(message)這個方法,從字面意思就是將信息發送出去。一般sendMessage累的方法最終都會調用sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)這個方法
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}我們看到最終會執行enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis)這個方法
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}最終又會調用MessageQueen中的queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis)這個方法,這里的queue就是looper構造方法中創建的那個消息隊列
//MessageQueen的enqueueMessage方法
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
msg.markInUse();
msg.when = when;
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}MessageQueen雖然名字是一個隊列,但實質上他是一個單向鏈表,這個結構能快速進行插入和刪除操作。從上面源碼可以看出來,主要是按照發送消息的時間順序將msg插入到消息隊列中。接下來我們就需要從消息隊列中取出msg了。這時候就需要調用Looper.loop()方法。
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
//不斷從消息隊列中取出msg
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
//將msg交由handler處理
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}可以看到Looper.loop()方法通過在一個死循環中調用Message msg = queue.next()將消息不斷的從消息隊列中取出來。queue.next()方法的作用就是從消息隊列中取msg,唯一跳出循環的方式是MessageQueen的next方法返回了null?,F在msg已經取出來,下一步就是怎樣將他傳遞給handler了對吧。所以在死循環中還有一個方法msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg) ,而msg.target就是handler,在上面handler的enqueueMessage()方法中傳入的msg.target = this,this就是handler本身,接下來就看看handler的dispatchMessage()方法
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}如果我們采用無參的構造函數創建handler,msg.callback與mCallback均為空,所以我們會調用handleMessage(msg),這樣文章開頭的那個實例整個流程就走完了,handleMessage(msg)會在handler實例所在的線程中執行。
//當我們通過這種方式創建handler時,dispatchMessage中的mCallback就不為null
public Handler(Callback callback) {
this(callback, false);
}
//Callback是一個接口,里面正好也有我們需要的handleMessage(Message msg),dispatchMessage中的 if (mCallback != null) 語句內的內容,就是我們需要重寫的handleMessage(Message msg)方法
public interface Callback {
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}//當我們調用handler.post()方法執行異步任務時
public final boolean post(Runnable r)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}
//getPostMessage(r)這個方法中我們看到給m.callback賦值了,就是我們傳入的runnable接口
private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) {
Message m = Message.obtain();
m.callback = r;
return m;
}
//最后在handleCallback方法中我們執行了它的run方法,這也就解釋了為什么在子線程中可以用handler.post(Runnable r)更新UI
private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
message.callback.run();
}總結
梳理整個執行過程
1.調用Looper.prepare()方法,這是創建handler所必須的。在主線程中由于ActivityThread已經通過Looper.prepareMainLooper()方法創建過looper,所以在主線程中創建handler以前無需創建looper,并通過Looper.loop()來開啟主線程的消息循環。
2.通過調用handler.sendMessage(message)方法最終會執行enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis),enqueueMessage又會調用MessageQueen的queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis),這樣消息就會被添加到消息隊列中。
3.調用Looper.loop()方法在死循環中執行Message msg = queue.next(),不斷的將msg從消息隊列中取出來,同時執行msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg),將消息傳遞給handler,由handler來處理,如我們調用的handleMessage就是處理消息的方式之一。
異步處理機制流程圖

從子線程進行UI 操作的幾種方式
Android 提供了幾種途徑來從其他線程訪問 UI 線程。以下列出了幾種有用的方法:
? Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable)
? View.post(Runnable) 這里的view就是我們需要改變的ui控件
? View.postDelayed(Runnable, long)
? Handler.post(Runnable, long)
但是,隨著操作日趨復雜,這類代碼也會變得復雜且難以維護。 要通過工作線程處理更復雜的交互,可以考慮在工作線程中使用 Handler 處理來自 UI 線程的消息。當然,最好的解決方案或許是擴展 AsyncTask 類,此類簡化了與 UI 進行交互所需執行的工作線程任務。
以上就是android中怎么實現異步消息機制 ,小編相信有部分知識點可能是我們日常工作會見到或用到的。希望你能通過這篇文章學到更多知識。更多詳情敬請關注億速云行業資訊頻道。
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