在C++中如何傳遞和返回struct數組

在C++中，可以通過以下方式傳遞和返回結構體數組：

1. 使用指針傳遞結構體數組：

#include<iostream>

struct Student {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};

void printStudents(Student* students, int size) {
    for (int i = 0; i< size; ++i) {
        std::cout << "Name: "<< students[i].name << ", Age: "<< students[i].age<< std::endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    Student students[] = {{"Alice", 20}, {"Bob", 22}, {"Charlie", 21}};
    int size = sizeof(students) / sizeof(Student);

    printStudents(students, size);

    return 0;
}

2. 使用引用傳遞結構體數組：

#include<iostream>

struct Student {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};

void modifyStudents(Student* students, int size) {
    for (int i = 0; i< size; ++i) {
        students[i].age += 1;
    }
}

int main() {
    Student students[] = {{"Alice", 20}, {"Bob", 22}, {"Charlie", 21}};
    int size = sizeof(students) / sizeof(Student);

    modifyStudents(students, size);

    for (int i = 0; i< size; ++i) {
        std::cout << "Name: "<< students[i].name << ", Age: "<< students[i].age<< std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

3. 使用std::vector傳遞和返回結構體數組：

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>

struct Student {
    std::string name;
    int age;
};

std::vector<Student> createStudents() {
    std::vector<Student> students = {{"Alice", 20}, {"Bob", 22}, {"Charlie", 21}};
    return students;
}

void printStudents(const std::vector<Student>& students) {
    for (const auto& student : students) {
        std::cout << "Name: "<< student.name << ", Age: "<< student.age<< std::endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    std::vector<Student> students = createStudents();
    printStudents(students);

    return 0;
}

這里我們使用了std::vector來存儲結構體數組，并通過值傳遞和返回。std::vector會自動管理內存，因此不需要手動分配和釋放內存。