Winform中如何實現實時通訊

在WinForms中實現實時通訊，通常有以下幾種方法：

1. 使用WebSocket：WebSocket是一種在單個TCP連接上進行全雙工通信的協議。在WinForms中，可以使用System.Net.WebSockets命名空間下的ClientWebSocket類來實現WebSocket客戶端。以下是一個簡單的示例：

using System;
using System.Net.WebSockets;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WinFormsWebSocketExample
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private ClientWebSocket webSocket;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private async void btnConnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            webSocket = new ClientWebSocket();
            var uri = new Uri("ws://example.com/socket");
            await webSocket.ConnectAsync(uri, CancellationToken.None);
            MessageBox.Show("Connected!");
        }

        private async void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (webSocket != null && webSocket.State == WebSocketState.Open)
            {
                string message = txtMessage.Text;
                byte[] buffer = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
                await webSocket.SendAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer), WebSocketMessageType.Text, true, CancellationToken.None);
                MessageBox.Show("Sent!");
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Not connected!");
            }
        }

        private async void btnReceive_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (webSocket != null && webSocket.State == WebSocketState.Open)
            {
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 4];
                WebSocketReceiveResult result;
                do
                {
                    result = await webSocket.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer), CancellationToken.None);
                    string receivedMessage = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, result.Count);
                    MessageBox.Show("Received: " + receivedMessage);
                } while (!result.CloseStatus.HasValue);
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Not connected!");
            }
        }

        private void btnDisconnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (webSocket != null)
            {
                webSocket.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.NormalClosure, "Goodbye!", CancellationToken.None);
            }
        }
    }
}

2. 使用TcpListener和TcpClient：TCP（傳輸控制協議）是一種面向連接的、可靠的、基于字節流的傳輸層通信協議?？梢允褂?code>System.Net.Sockets命名空間下的TcpListener和TcpClient類來實現TCP服務器和客戶端。以下是一個簡單的示例：

服務器端：

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WinFormsTcpServerExample
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private TcpListener server;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private async void btnStartServer_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            server = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 12345);
            server.Start();
            MessageBox.Show("Server started!");

            while (true)
            {
                TcpClient client = await server.AcceptTcpClientAsync();
                Task.Run(() => HandleClient(client));
            }
        }

        private async void HandleClient(TcpClient client)
        {
            NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 4];
            int bytesRead;

            while ((bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
            {
                string receivedMessage = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                MessageBox.Show("Received: " + receivedMessage);

                string response = "Message received!";
                byte[] responseBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(response);
                await stream.WriteAsync(responseBytes, 0, responseBytes.Length);
            }

            client.Close();
        }

        private void btnStopServer_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (server != null)
            {
                server.Stop();
            }
        }
    }
}

客戶端：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WinFormsTcpClientExample
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private TcpClient client;

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private async void btnConnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            client = new TcpClient("127.0.0.1", 12345);
            MessageBox.Show("Connected!");
        }

        private async void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (client != null && client.Connected)
            {
                string message = txtMessage.Text;
                byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
                NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
                await stream.WriteAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                MessageBox.Show("Sent!");
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Not connected!");
            }
        }

        private async void btnReceive_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (client != null && client.Connected)
            {
                NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 4];
                int bytesRead;

                while ((bytesRead = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
                {
                    string receivedMessage = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                    MessageBox.Show("Received: " + receivedMessage);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Not connected!");
            }
        }

        private void btnDisconnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (client != null)
            {
                client.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

3. 使用第三方庫：有許多第三方庫可以幫助您在WinForms中實現實時通訊，例如SignalR、Xamarin.Essentials等。這些庫通常提供了更高級的功能和更好的性能，但可能需要額外的學習和配置。

選擇哪種方法取決于您的需求和項目規模。WebSocket和TCP適用于實時通訊場景，而第三方庫可能提供更多的功能和易用性。