數據庫都分為冷備份與熱備份,所謂的冷備份就是停庫,然后把數據拷貝;熱備份就是使用相應工具,在數據庫運行時做備份。每種庫都會有自己的熱備份工具,mongodb也不例外。
mongodb的備份主要有熱備和冷備。
一,冷備:
停止mongodb服務,直接copy數據目錄;啟動mongodb時,可以用--dbpath指定自己設置的數據庫存儲目錄。
二,熱備:
用mongodump來做MongoDB的庫或表級別的熱備份。
認識一下mongodump,
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongodump --help
Usage:
mongodump <options>
Export the content of a running server into .bson files.
Specify a database with -d and a collection with -c to only dump that database or collection.
See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongodump/ for more information.
general options:
--help print usage
--version print the tool version and exit
verbosity options:
-v, --verbose=<level> more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a numeric
value, e.g. --verbose=N)
--quiet hide all log output
connection options:
-h, --host=<hostname> mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)
--port=<port> server port (can also use --host hostname:port)
authentication options:
-u, --username=<username> username for authentication
-p, --password=<password> password for authentication
--authenticationDatabase=<database-name> database that holds the user's credentials
--authenticationMechanism=<mechanism> authentication mechanism to use
namespace options:
-d, --db=<database-name> database to use
-c, --collection=<collection-name> collection to use
query options:
-q, --query= query filter, as a JSON string, e.g., '{x:{$gt:1}}'
--queryFile= path to a file containing a query filter (JSON)
--readPreference=<string>|<json> specify either a preference name or a preference json object
--forceTableScan force a table scan
output options:
-o, --out=<directory-path> output directory, or '-' for stdout (defaults to 'dump')
--gzip compress archive our collection output with Gzip
--repair try to recover documents from damaged data files (not supported by all storage engines)
--oplog use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot
--archive=<file-path> dump as an archive to the specified path. If flag is specified without a value, archive is written to
stdout
--dumpDbUsersAndRoles dump user and role definitions for the specified database
--excludeCollection=<collection-name> collection to exclude from the dump (may be specified multiple times to exclude additional collections)
--excludeCollectionsWithPrefix=<collection-prefix> exclude all collections from the dump that have the given prefix (may be specified multiple times to
exclude additional prefixes)
-j, --numParallelCollections= number of collections to dump in parallel (4 by default)看下導出過程
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongodump -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -o /usr/local/mongodb/backup 2016-10-31T09:41:03.521+0800 writing sykdb.system.indexes to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.522+0800 done dumping sykdb.system.indexes (2 documents) 2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800 writing sykdb.system.profile to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800 writing sykdb.sykdb to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800 writing sykdb.table_syk to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800 done dumping sykdb.system.profile (2 documents) 2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800 done dumping sykdb.sykdb (2 documents) 2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800 done dumping sykdb.table_syk (1 document)
導出后的文件如下:
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ cd backup/ [mongo@tstdb-25-220 backup]$ ll 總用量 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mongo dbmon 4096 10月 31 09:41 sykdb [mongo@tstdb-25-220 backup]$ cd sykdb/ [mongo@tstdb-25-220 sykdb]$ ll 總用量 28 -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 75 10月 31 09:41 sykdb.bson -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 83 10月 31 09:41 sykdb.metadata.json -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 136 10月 31 09:41 system.indexes.bson -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 1529 10月 31 09:41 system.profile.bson -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 55 10月 31 09:41 system.profile.metadata.json -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 36 10月 31 09:41 table_syk.bson -rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 87 10月 31 09:41 table_syk.metadata.json
下面看一下導入(導出與導入可以看做是備份與恢復,所有的備份都是為了恢復而做)
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongorestore --help
Usage:
mongorestore <options> <directory or file to restore>
Restore backups generated with mongodump to a running server.
Specify a database with -d to restore a single database from the target directory,
or use -d and -c to restore a single collection from a single .bson file.
See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongorestore/ for more information.
general options:
--help print usage
--version print the tool version and exit
verbosity options:
-v, --verbose=<level> more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a numeric value, e.g.
--verbose=N)
--quiet hide all log output
connection options:
-h, --host=<hostname> mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)
--port=<port> server port (can also use --host hostname:port)
authentication options:
-u, --username=<username> username for authentication
-p, --password=<password> password for authentication
--authenticationDatabase=<database-name> database that holds the user's credentials
--authenticationMechanism=<mechanism> authentication mechanism to use
namespace options:
-d, --db=<database-name> database to use
-c, --collection=<collection-name> collection to use
input options:
--objcheck validate all objects before inserting
--oplogReplay replay oplog for point-in-time restore
--oplogLimit=<seconds>[:ordinal] only include oplog entries before the provided Timestamp
--archive=<filename> restore dump from the specified archive file. If flag is specified without a value, archive is read from stdin
--restoreDbUsersAndRoles restore user and role definitions for the given database
--dir=<directory-name> input directory, use '-' for stdin
--gzip decompress gzipped input
restore options:
--drop drop each collection before import
--writeConcern=<write-concern> write concern options e.g. --writeConcern majority, --writeConcern '{w: 3, wtimeout: 500, fsync: true, j: true}'
(defaults to 'majority')
--noIndexRestore don't restore indexes
--noOptionsRestore don't restore collection options
--keepIndexVersion don't update index version
--maintainInsertionOrder preserve order of documents during restoration
-j, --numParallelCollections= number of collections to restore in parallel (4 by default)
--numInsertionWorkersPerCollection= number of insert operations to run concurrently per collection (1 by default)
--stopOnError stop restoring if an error is encountered on insert (off by default)
--bypassDocumentValidation bypass document validation--oplogReplay這個參數,大家注意一下,mongodb的導出導入可以做的基本時間點的恢復
我們再insert一行,然后測試一下:
moe:PRIMARY> db.sykdb.insert ({"job":"dba"})然后導入:
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongorestore -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb backup/sykdb 2016-10-31T10:28:21.049+0800 building a list of collections to restore from backup/sykdb dir 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 reading metadata for sykdb.sykdb from backup/sykdb/sykdb.metadata.json 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 reading metadata for sykdb.table_syk from backup/sykdb/table_syk.metadata.json 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 reading metadata for sykdb.system.profile from backup/sykdb/system.profile.metadata.json 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 restoring sykdb.sykdb from backup/sykdb/sykdb.bson 2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800 no indexes to restore 2016-10-31T10:28:21.052+0800 finished restoring sykdb.system.profile (0 documents) 2016-10-31T10:28:21.052+0800 restoring sykdb.table_syk from backup/sykdb/table_syk.bson 2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800 restoring indexes for collection sykdb.sykdb from metadata 2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800 restoring indexes for collection sykdb.table_syk from metadata 2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800 finished restoring sykdb.sykdb (2 documents) 2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800 finished restoring sykdb.table_syk (1 document) 2016-10-31T10:28:21.087+0800 done
查詢一下,看數據是否回來了
moe:PRIMARY> db.sykdb.find().limit(100);
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5816ac26d37a70860b091c1f"), "job" : "dba" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5813041a56c55d778812e689"), "name" : "syk" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5813065356c55d778812e68a"), "loc" : "beijing" }介紹一對命令:mongoexport/mongoimport
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongoexport -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -c table_syk -o table_syk.dat 2016-10-31T11:43:40.893+0800 connected to: 172.16.25.220 2016-10-31T11:43:40.894+0800 exported 1 record
查看導出來的文件:
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ strings table_syk.dat
{"_id":{"$oid":"581313a856c55d778812e68b"},"name":"syk"}
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ file table_syk.dat
table_syk.dat: ASCII text看來這個工具相當于其他數據庫中的邏輯導出
把表清空
moe:PRIMARY> db.table_syk.drop()
導入
[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongoimport -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -c table_syk table_syk.dat 2016-10-31T11:45:22.499+0800 connected to: 172.16.25.220 2016-10-31T11:45:22.540+0800 imported 1 document
數據回來了。
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