# 怎么用JS代碼實現情人節愛心滿屏飄落特效
## 前言
在情人節、紀念日等浪漫時刻,為心愛的人制作一個充滿愛意的網頁特效是表達感情的好方式。本文將詳細介紹如何使用JavaScript創建一個愛心滿屏飄落的動畫效果。這個特效不僅適合嵌入網頁作為驚喜元素,還能作為學習Canvas動畫的絕佳案例。
## 技術原理概述
實現愛心飄落效果主要依賴以下技術:
1. HTML5 Canvas繪圖
2. JavaScript面向對象編程
3. 粒子系統基本原理
4. 動畫循環(requestAnimationFrame)
## 完整代碼實現
### 1. HTML基礎結構
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>情人節愛心特效</title>
<style>
body {
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #ff9a9e, #fad0c4);
}
canvas {
display: block;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="heartCanvas"></canvas>
<script src="hearts.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
// 初始化畫布
const canvas = document.getElementById('heartCanvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
// 設置畫布尺寸為窗口大小
function resizeCanvas() {
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
}
window.addEventListener('resize', resizeCanvas);
resizeCanvas();
// 愛心粒子類
class HeartParticle {
constructor() {
this.reset();
this.size = Math.random() * 15 + 5;
this.color = `hsl(${Math.random() * 60 + 330}, 100%, ${Math.random() * 30 + 50}%)`;
}
reset() {
this.x = Math.random() * canvas.width;
this.y = Math.random() * -100;
this.speedX = Math.random() * 2 - 1;
this.speedY = Math.random() * 3 + 2;
this.rotation = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
this.rotationSpeed = Math.random() * 0.1 - 0.05;
this.opacity = Math.random() * 0.6 + 0.4;
this.beatFactor = Math.random() * 0.2 + 0.9;
this.beatSpeed = Math.random() * 0.05 + 0.02;
}
update() {
this.x += this.speedX;
this.y += this.speedY;
this.rotation += this.rotationSpeed;
this.beatFactor = 0.9 + Math.sin(Date.now() * this.beatSpeed) * 0.1;
// 超出邊界重置
if (this.y > canvas.height + 50 ||
this.x < -50 ||
this.x > canvas.width + 50) {
this.reset();
}
}
draw() {
ctx.save();
ctx.translate(this.x, this.y);
ctx.rotate(this.rotation);
ctx.scale(this.beatFactor, this.beatFactor);
ctx.globalAlpha = this.opacity;
// 繪制愛心
ctx.beginPath();
const topCurveHeight = this.size * 0.3;
ctx.moveTo(0, this.size * 0.3);
ctx.bezierCurveTo(
this.size / 2, -this.size * 0.2,
this.size, this.size * 0.6,
0, this.size
);
ctx.bezierCurveTo(
-this.size, this.size * 0.6,
-this.size / 2, -this.size * 0.2,
0, this.size * 0.3
);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fillStyle = this.color;
ctx.fill();
ctx.restore();
}
}
// 創建粒子數組
const particles = [];
for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
particles.push(new HeartParticle());
}
// 動畫循環
function animate() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
// 更新并繪制所有粒子
particles.forEach(particle => {
particle.update();
particle.draw();
});
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}
// 啟動動畫
animate();
// 點擊添加更多愛心
canvas.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
const heart = new HeartParticle();
heart.x = e.clientX + Math.random() * 50 - 25;
heart.y = e.clientY + Math.random() * 50 - 25;
particles.push(heart);
}
});
首先我們需要設置Canvas元素并使其充滿整個窗口:
const canvas = document.getElementById('heartCanvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
function resizeCanvas() {
canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
}
resizeCanvas()
函數確保畫布始終與視窗大小一致,并通過resize
事件監聽器實現響應式調整。
HeartParticle
類是核心部分,每個實例代表一個飄落的愛心:
class HeartParticle {
constructor() {
this.reset();
this.size = Math.random() * 15 + 5;
this.color = `hsl(${Math.random() * 60 + 330}, 100%, 70%)`;
}
// ...
}
關鍵屬性說明:
- x, y
: 愛心位置坐標
- speedX, speedY
: 水平和垂直移動速度
- rotation
: 旋轉角度
- beatFactor
: 實現心跳效果的縮放因子
- color
: 使用HSL色彩模式生成粉色系顏色
使用貝塞爾曲線繪制愛心形狀:
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(0, this.size * 0.3);
ctx.bezierCurveTo(
this.size / 2, -this.size * 0.2,
this.size, this.size * 0.6,
0, this.size
);
ctx.bezierCurveTo(
-this.size, this.size * 0.6,
-this.size / 2, -this.size * 0.2,
0, this.size * 0.3
);
這個算法通過兩組三次貝塞爾曲線對稱繪制出愛心形狀,通過調整控制點可以改變愛心形狀的胖瘦。
每個粒子都有自己的運動軌跡:
update() {
this.x += this.speedX;
this.y += this.speedY;
this.rotation += this.rotationSpeed;
this.beatFactor = 0.9 + Math.sin(Date.now() * this.beatSpeed) * 0.1;
// ...
}
通過三角函數Math.sin()
實現心跳效果,Date.now()
確保動畫與時間相關。
使用requestAnimationFrame
實現平滑動畫:
function animate() {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
particles.forEach(particle => {
particle.update();
particle.draw();
});
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}
// 對象池實現
const particlePool = [];
function getParticle() {
if (particlePool.length > 0) {
return particlePool.pop();
}
return new HeartParticle();
}
function recycleParticle(particle) {
particlePool.push(particle);
}
const offscreenCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
const offscreenCtx = offscreenCanvas.getContext('2d');
// 預渲染愛心...
ctx.shadowColor = 'rgba(255,0,0,0.5)';
ctx.shadowBlur = 10;
ctx.shadowOffsetX = 2;
ctx.shadowOffsetY = 2;
// 在draw方法中添加
const gradient = ctx.createRadialGradient(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, this.size);
gradient.addColorStop(0, this.color);
gradient.addColorStop(1, 'transparent');
ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
let mouseX = 0, mouseY = 0;
window.addEventListener('mousemove', (e) => {
mouseX = e.clientX;
mouseY = e.clientY;
});
// 在粒子update中添加吸引邏輯
const dx = mouseX - this.x;
const dy = mouseY - this.y;
const distance = Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
if (distance < 100) {
this.speedX += dx * 0.0005;
this.speedY += dy * 0.0005;
}
癥狀:動畫卡頓,CPU占用高
解決方案:
- 減少粒子數量(30-50個通常足夠)
- 使用window.requestAnimationFrame
而非setInterval
- 對不活動的標簽頁暫停動畫:
let isActive = true;
window.addEventListener('blur', () => isActive = false);
window.addEventListener('focus', () => isActive = true);
function animate() {
if (isActive) {
// 更新動畫
}
requestAnimationFrame(animate);
}
觸屏支持:
// 觸摸事件處理
canvas.addEventListener('touchstart', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
const touch = e.touches[0];
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
const heart = new HeartParticle();
heart.x = touch.clientX + Math.random() * 50 - 25;
heart.y = touch.clientY + Math.random() * 50 - 25;
particles.push(heart);
}
}, { passive: false });
Polyfill方案:
// requestAnimationFrame的polyfill
window.requestAnimFrame = (function() {
return window.requestAnimationFrame ||
window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
function(callback) {
window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60);
};
})();
const themes = {
valentine: {
colors: ['#ff3366', '#ff6699', '#ff99cc'],
bg: 'linear-gradient(to bottom, #ff9a9e, #fad0c4)'
},
christmas: {
colors: ['#ff0000', '#00ff00', '#ffffff'],
bg: 'linear-gradient(to bottom, #003300, #000000)'
}
// 更多主題...
};
function setTheme(themeName) {
document.body.style.background = themes[themeName].bg;
// 更新粒子顏色...
}
function drawText() {
ctx.font = 'bold 30px Arial';
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.8)';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.fillText('Happy Valentine\'s Day!', canvas.width/2, 60);
// 文字陰影效果
ctx.shadowColor = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.5)';
ctx.shadowBlur = 5;
ctx.shadowOffsetX = 2;
ctx.shadowOffsetY = 2;
}
// 使用Web Audio API分析音樂節奏
const audioContext = new (window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext)();
const analyser = audioContext.createAnalyser();
function setupAudio() {
const audio = document.createElement('audio');
audio.src = 'romantic_music.mp3';
const source = audioContext.createMediaElementSource(audio);
source.connect(analyser);
analyser.connect(audioContext.destination);
audio.play();
// 根據音樂節奏調整粒子
const dataArray = new Uint8Array(analyser.frequencyBinCount);
function updateWithAudio() {
analyser.getByteFrequencyData(dataArray);
const bass = dataArray[0] / 255;
particles.forEach(p => {
p.beatFactor = 0.8 + bass * 0.3;
});
requestAnimationFrame(updateWithAudio);
}
updateWithAudio();
}
通過這個教程,我們不僅實現了一個浪漫的愛心飄落特效,還學習了: 1. Canvas繪圖基礎 2. 粒子系統實現原理 3. JavaScript動畫編程技巧 4. 前端性能優化方法
你可以在此基礎上繼續擴展: - 添加更多形狀(星星、花朵等) - 實現粒子間的物理互動 - 集成到現有網站作為節日彩蛋 - 開發為瀏覽器插件
完整項目代碼已托管在GitHub:[項目鏈接]
愿這個愛心特效能為你的特別日子增添一份浪漫!Happy Coding! “`
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