本篇內容主要講解“springboot restTemplate連接池整合方式是什么”，感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷，實用性強。下面就讓小編來帶大家學習“springboot restTemplate連接池整合方式是什么”吧!
springboot restTemplate連接池整合
restTemplate
引入apache httpclient
RestTemplate配置類
RestTemplate連接池配置參數
測試帶連接池的RestTemplate
RestTemplate 配置http連接池
使用http連接池能夠減少連接建立與釋放的時間，提升http請求的性能。如果客戶端每次請求都要和服務端建立新的連接，即三次握手將會非常耗時。本文介紹如何在Springboot中集成http連接池；基于restTemplate+httpclient實現。
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.6</version> </dependency>
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 實際開發中要避免每次http請求都實例化httpclient
* restTemplate默認會復用連接,保證restTemplate單例即可
* 參考資料：
* https://www.cnblogs.com/xrq730/p/10963689.html
* https://halfrost.com/advance_tcp/
*/
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory) {
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(clientHttpRequestFactory);
List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
for (HttpMessageConverter c : messageConverters) {
if (c instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) {
((StringHttpMessageConverter) c).setDefaultCharset(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
}
}
return restTemplate;
}
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resttemplate")
HttpClientProperties httpClientProperties() {
return new HttpClientProperties();
}
@Bean
ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory(HttpClientProperties httpClientProperties) {
//如果不使用HttpClient的連接池，則使用restTemplate默認的SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory,底層基于HttpURLConnection
if (!httpClientProperties.isUseHttpClientPool()) {
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setConnectTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectTimeout());
factory.setReadTimeout(httpClientProperties.getReadTimeout());
return factory;
}
//HttpClient4.3及以上版本不手動設置HttpClientConnectionManager,默認就會使用連接池PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setMaxConnTotal(httpClientProperties.getMaxTotalConnect())
.setMaxConnPerRoute(httpClientProperties.getMaxConnectPerRoute()).evictExpiredConnections()
.evictIdleConnections(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).build();
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
factory.setConnectTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectTimeout());
factory.setReadTimeout(httpClientProperties.getReadTimeout());
factory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectionRequestTimeout());
return factory;
}
}public class HttpClientProperties {
/**
* 是否使用httpclient連接池
*/
private boolean useHttpClientPool = false;
/**
* 從連接池中獲得一個connection的超時時間
*/
private int connectionRequestTimeout = 3000;
/**
* 建立連接超時時間
*/
private int connectTimeout = 3000;
/**
* 建立連接后讀取返回數據的超時時間
*/
private int readTimeout = 5000;
/**
* 連接池的最大連接數，0代表不限
*/
private int maxTotalConnect = 128;
/**
* 每個路由的最大連接數
*/
private int maxConnectPerRoute = 32;
public int getConnectionRequestTimeout() {
return connectionRequestTimeout;
}
public void setConnectionRequestTimeout(int connectionRequestTimeout) {
this.connectionRequestTimeout = connectionRequestTimeout;
}
public int getConnectTimeout() {
return connectTimeout;
}
public void setConnectTimeout(int connectTimeout) {
this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
}
public int getReadTimeout() {
return readTimeout;
}
public void setReadTimeout(int readTimeout) {
this.readTimeout = readTimeout;
}
public int getMaxTotalConnect() {
return maxTotalConnect;
}
public void setMaxTotalConnect(int maxTotalConnect) {
this.maxTotalConnect = maxTotalConnect;
}
public int getMaxConnectPerRoute() {
return maxConnectPerRoute;
}
public void setMaxConnectPerRoute(int maxConnectPerRoute) {
this.maxConnectPerRoute = maxConnectPerRoute;
}
public boolean isUseHttpClientPool() {
return useHttpClientPool;
}
public void setUseHttpClientPool(boolean useHttpClientPool) {
this.useHttpClientPool = useHttpClientPool;
}
}application.properties
spring.resttemplate.connectionRequestTimeout=3000 spring.resttemplate.connectTimeout=3000 spring.resttemplate.readTimeout=10000 spring.resttemplate.maxTotalConnect=256 spring.resttemplate.maxConnectPerRoute=128 spring.resttemplate.useHttpClientPool=true
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.util.UriComponentsBuilder;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RestTemplateTest {
/**
* 免費查詢號碼歸屬地接口
*/
public String testUrl = "https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm";
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void testRest() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.set("Accept", "application/json");
HttpEntity entity = new HttpEntity(headers);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
String tel = getRandomTel();
UriComponentsBuilder builder = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl(testUrl).queryParam("tel", tel);
System.out.println("發送請求：" + builder.build().encode().toUri());
long startInner = System.currentTimeMillis();
ResponseEntity<String> getDistrictRes = restTemplate.exchange(builder.build().encode().toUri(), HttpMethod.GET, entity, String.class);
long endInner = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.print("costPerRequest:" + (endInner - startInner) + ",i=" + i + "," + Thread.currentThread().getName());
String resJson = getDistrictRes.getBody().split("=")[1];
String carrier = (String) JSON.parseObject(resJson).get("carrier");
System.out.println("," + tel + ",歸屬地:" + carrier);
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("costTotal:" + (end - start));
}
private String getRandomTel() {
List<String> telList = Arrays.asList("18120168516", "15952044278", "15537788259", "18751872329", "13913329187");
int index = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(telList.size());
return telList.get(index);
}
}測試比較發現，如果不設置ClientHttpRequestFactory，resttemplate默認會使用SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory，底層基于HttpURLConnection；這種方式和手動設置帶連接池的httpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory性能差別不大，基于httpclient的連接池性能稍有優勢，不是太明顯。
不管是使用restTemplate默認的SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory還是使用httpclient提供的HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory，都會進行連接復用，即只有第一次請求耗時較高，后面的請求都復用連接。
使用httpclient可以設置evictExpiredConnections、evictIdleConnections進行定時清理過期、閑置連接。底層是開啟了一個線程去執行清理任務，因此注意不能多次實例化httpclient相關的實例，會導致不斷創建線程。
注意事項
實際開發中要避免每次http請求都實例化httpclient
restTemplate默認會復用連接,保證restTemplate單例即
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateUtil{
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
RestTemplate restTemplate = builder.build();
restTemplate.setRequestFactory(clientHttpRequestFactory());
// 使用 utf-8 編碼集的 conver 替換默認的 conver（默認的 string conver 的編碼集為"ISO-8859-1"）
List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
Iterator<HttpMessageConverter<?>> iterator = messageConverters.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = iterator.next();
if (converter instanceof StringHttpMessageConverter) {
iterator.remove();
}
}
messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
return restTemplate;
}
@Bean
public HttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnectionManager() {
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
poolingConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(1000); // 連接池最大連接數
poolingConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(100); // 每個主機的并發
return poolingConnectionManager;
}
@Bean
public HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder() {
HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
//設置HTTP連接管理器
httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingConnectionManager());
return httpClientBuilder;
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() {
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
clientHttpRequestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClientBuilder().build());
clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(6000); // 連接超時，毫秒
clientHttpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(6000); // 讀寫超時，毫秒
return clientHttpRequestFactory;
}
}到此，相信大家對“springboot restTemplate連接池整合方式是什么”有了更深的了解，不妨來實際操作一番吧！這里是億速云網站，更多相關內容可以進入相關頻道進行查詢，關注我們，繼續學習！
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