# Python單機五子棋的代碼怎么寫
本文將詳細介紹如何使用Python開發一個單機版五子棋游戲，包含完整代碼實現和分步解析。這個項目適合Python初學者學習基礎語法和游戲開發邏輯。
## 一、項目概述
五子棋是一種經典的策略型棋類游戲，玩家通過在棋盤上交替落子，先形成五子連線的一方獲勝。我們將使用Python的Pygame庫來實現圖形界面，并采用簡單的算法實現人機對戰。
### 主要功能模塊
1. 圖形界面繪制
2. 玩家落子處理
3. 簡單實現
4. 勝負判斷
5. 游戲狀態管理
## 二、開發環境準備
首先需要安裝必要的庫：
```bash
pip install pygame numpy
以下是完整的五子棋游戲代碼（約200行）：
import pygame
import sys
import numpy as np
from pygame.locals import *
# 初始化常量
BOARD_SIZE = 15 # 15x15的棋盤
GRID_SIZE = 40 # 每個格子的像素大小
MARGIN = 40 # 棋盤邊距
PIECE_RADIUS = 18 # 棋子半徑
WINDOW_SIZE = BOARD_SIZE * GRID_SIZE + 2 * MARGIN
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BOARD_COLOR = (220, 179, 92)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
# 初始化游戲
def init_game():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_SIZE, WINDOW_SIZE))
pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋')
return screen
# 繪制棋盤
def draw_board(screen):
screen.fill(BOARD_COLOR)
# 繪制網格線
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
# 橫線
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
(WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE), 2)
# 豎線
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN),
(MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE, WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN), 2)
# 繪制五個小黑點（天元等）
dots = [(3, 3), (11, 3), (3, 11), (11, 11), (7, 7)]
for dot in dots:
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + dot[0] * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + dot[1] * GRID_SIZE), 5)
# 游戲主類
class GomokuGame:
def __init__(self):
self.board = np.zeros((BOARD_SIZE, BOARD_SIZE), dtype=int) # 0空 1黑 2白
self.current_player = 1 # 黑棋先行
self.game_over = False
self.winner = None
# 落子
def place_piece(self, row, col):
if self.game_over or self.board[row][col] != 0:
return False
self.board[row][col] = self.current_player
if self.check_win(row, col):
self.game_over = True
self.winner = self.current_player
else:
self.current_player = 3 - self.current_player # 切換玩家
return True
# 檢查是否獲勝
def check_win(self, row, col):
directions = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)] # 橫豎斜四個方向
for dr, dc in directions:
count = 1 # 當前落子
# 正向檢查
r, c = row + dr, col + dc
while 0 <= r < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= c < BOARD_SIZE and self.board[r][c] == self.current_player:
count += 1
r += dr
c += dc
# 反向檢查
r, c = row - dr, col - dc
while 0 <= r < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= c < BOARD_SIZE and self.board[r][c] == self.current_player:
count += 1
r -= dr
c -= dc
if count >= 5:
return True
return False
# 簡單落子
def ai_move(self):
if self.game_over:
return
# 優先防守：檢查玩家是否有四連
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if self.board[i][j] == 0:
self.board[i][j] = 1 # 假設玩家落子
if self.check_win(i, j):
self.board[i][j] = 2 # 攔截
if self.check_win(i, j):
self.game_over = True
self.winner = 2
self.current_player = 1
return (i, j)
self.board[i][j] = 0
# 隨機落子
empty_positions = [(i, j) for i in range(BOARD_SIZE) for j in range(BOARD_SIZE) if self.board[i][j] == 0]
if empty_positions:
return empty_positions[np.random.randint(len(empty_positions))]
return None
# 繪制棋子
def draw_pieces(screen, game):
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if game.board[i][j] == 1: # 黑棋
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + j * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
PIECE_RADIUS)
elif game.board[i][j] == 2: # 白棋
pygame.draw.circle(screen, WHITE,
(MARGIN + j * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
PIECE_RADIUS)
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + j * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
PIECE_RADIUS, 1)
# 顯示游戲結果
def show_result(screen, winner):
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 72)
if winner == 1:
text = font.render("黑棋獲勝!", True, RED)
else:
text = font.render("白棋獲勝!", True, BLUE)
text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_SIZE//2, WINDOW_SIZE//2))
screen.blit(text, text_rect)
# 主函數
def main():
screen = init_game()
game = GomokuGame()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and not game.game_over:
if game.current_player == 1: # 玩家回合
x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
col = round((x - MARGIN) / GRID_SIZE)
row = round((y - MARGIN) / GRID_SIZE)
if 0 <= row < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= col < BOARD_SIZE:
if game.place_piece(row, col):
# 回合
ai_pos = game.ai_move()
if ai_pos:
game.place_piece(*ai_pos)
draw_board(screen)
draw_pieces(screen, game)
if game.game_over:
show_result(screen, game.winner)
pygame.display.update()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
BOARD_SIZE = 15 # 標準五子棋棋盤大小
GRID_SIZE = 40 # 每個格子的像素尺寸
MARGIN = 40 # 棋盤邊緣留白
這些常量定義了棋盤的基本參數，可以根據需要調整。標準五子棋使用15×15的棋盤，我們設置每個格子40像素寬，邊緣留白40像素。
GomokuGame類負責維護游戲狀態：
board: 15×15的二維數組，記錄每個位置的棋子狀態current_player: 當前回合玩家（1為黑棋，2為白棋）game_over: 游戲是否結束標志winner: 獲勝方check_win方法實現了五子棋的核心勝負判斷邏輯：
def check_win(self, row, col):
directions = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)] # 橫豎斜四個方向
for dr, dc in directions:
count = 1 # 當前落子
# 正向檢查
r, c = row + dr, col + dc
while 0 <= r < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= c < BOARD_SIZE and self.board[r][c] == self.current_player:
count += 1
r += dr
c += dc
# 反向檢查
r, c = row - dr, col - dc
while 0 <= r < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= c < BOARD_SIZE and self.board[r][c] == self.current_player:
count += 1
r -= dr
c -= dc
if count >= 5:
return True
return False
該方法從當前落子位置向四個方向（水平、垂直、兩個對角線）檢查是否有五個或更多同色棋子連續排列。
我們的實現了基本防守邏輯：
def ai_move(self):
# 優先攔截玩家即將獲勝的位置
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if self.board[i][j] == 0:
self.board[i][j] = 1 # 假設玩家落子
if self.check_win(i, j):
self.board[i][j] = 2 # 攔截
return (i, j)
self.board[i][j] = 0
# 沒有危險則隨機落子
empty_positions = [(i, j) for i in range(BOARD_SIZE) for j in range(BOARD_SIZE) if self.board[i][j] == 0]
if empty_positions:
return empty_positions[np.random.randint(len(empty_positions))]
這個會： 1. 首先檢查玩家是否有四連需要攔截 2. 如果沒有威脅，則隨機選擇空位落子
使用Pygame繪制棋盤和棋子：
def draw_board(screen):
# 繪制棋盤網格
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
(WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE), 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN),
(MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE, WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN), 2)
def draw_pieces(screen, game):
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if game.board[i][j] == 1: # 黑棋
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + j * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
PIECE_RADIUS)
這個基礎版本可以進一步擴展：
通過這個約200行的Python項目，我們實現了一個完整的單機五子棋游戲，包含： - 圖形界面顯示 - 玩家交互 - 簡單對手 - 勝負判斷
這個項目涵蓋了Python基礎語法、面向對象編程、二維數組處理和基本游戲開發邏輯，是學習Python編程的絕佳實踐項目。讀者可以基于這個基礎版本繼續擴展更復雜的功能。
希望本文對你學習Python游戲開發有所幫助！完整代碼已在上文提供，可以直接運行體驗。 “`
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