# Python中Socket多線程實現客戶端與服務器連接
## 目錄
1. [Socket編程基礎](#socket編程基礎)
2. [多線程技術概述](#多線程技術概述)
3. [單線程Socket通信的局限性](#單線程socket通信的局限性)
4. [多線程Socket服務器實現](#多線程socket服務器實現)
5. [客戶端實現與交互](#客戶端實現與交互)
6. [線程同步與資源管理](#線程同步與資源管理)
7. [實戰案例:多線程聊天室](#實戰案例多線程聊天室)
8. [性能優化與注意事項](#性能優化與注意事項)
9. [常見問題與解決方案](#常見問題與解決方案)
---
## Socket編程基礎
### 什么是Socket
Socket是網絡通信的端點,它允許不同主機或同一主機上的不同進程之間進行數據交換。在Python中,通過`socket`模塊可以快速實現網絡通信。
```python
import socket
# 創建TCP socket
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
Python通過threading
模塊實現多線程編程:
import threading
def worker():
print("Thread is working")
t = threading.Thread(target=worker)
t.start()
accept()
和recv()
上# 服務器端示例
server_socket.bind(('localhost', 8888))
server_socket.listen(5)
while True:
client_socket, addr = server_socket.accept() # 阻塞點
data = client_socket.recv(1024) # 另一個阻塞點
# 處理請求...
client_socket.close()
graph TD
A[主線程] -->|接受連接| B[客戶端1]
A -->|接受連接| C[客戶端2]
B --> D[線程1]
C --> E[線程2]
import socket
import threading
class ThreadedServer:
def __init__(self, host, port):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.server_socket.bind((self.host, self.port))
def listen(self):
self.server_socket.listen(5)
print(f"Server listening on {self.host}:{self.port}")
while True:
client_socket, addr = self.server_socket.accept()
print(f"Accepted connection from {addr}")
# 為每個客戶端創建新線程
client_thread = threading.Thread(
target=self.handle_client,
args=(client_socket, addr)
)
client_thread.daemon = True
client_thread.start()
def handle_client(self, client_socket, addr):
try:
while True:
data = client_socket.recv(1024)
if not data:
break
print(f"Received from {addr}: {data.decode()}")
response = f"Echo: {data.decode()}"
client_socket.send(response.encode())
finally:
client_socket.close()
print(f"Connection with {addr} closed")
if __name__ == "__main__":
server = ThreadedServer('localhost', 8888)
server.listen()
import socket
def client_program():
host = 'localhost'
port = 8888
client_socket = socket.socket()
client_socket.connect((host, port))
message = input(" -> ")
while message.lower().strip() != 'bye':
client_socket.send(message.encode())
data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode()
print(f"Received from server: {data}")
message = input(" -> ")
client_socket.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
client_program()
可以使用以下命令同時啟動多個客戶端:
# 終端1
python client.py
# 終端2
python client.py
# 終端3
python client.py
當多個線程需要訪問共享數據時(如在線聊天室的用戶列表),需要使用鎖機制:
from threading import Lock
class SharedData:
def __init__(self):
self.clients = {}
self.lock = Lock()
def add_client(self, name, socket):
with self.lock:
self.clients[name] = socket
def remove_client(self, name):
with self.lock:
del self.clients[name]
使用concurrent.futures
線程池管理:
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
while True:
client_socket, addr = server_socket.accept()
executor.submit(handle_client, client_socket, addr)
def handle_client(self, client_socket, addr):
username = None
try:
username = client_socket.recv(1024).decode()
self.broadcast(f"{username} joined the chat!")
while True:
message = client_socket.recv(1024).decode()
if message.startswith("/pm"):
# 處理私聊邏輯
self.send_private(message, username)
else:
self.broadcast(f"{username}: {message}")
except:
if username:
self.remove_client(username)
self.broadcast(f"{username} left the chat")
finally:
client_socket.close()
client_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 8192)
client_socket.settimeout(60.0)
try:
data = client_socket.recv(1024)
if not data: # 客戶端正常關閉
raise ConnectionError("Client disconnected")
except ConnectionResetError:
print("Client forcibly closed the connection")
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
本文詳細介紹了Python中使用多線程實現Socket服務器的方法,包括: - 基礎Socket通信原理 - 多線程服務器的架構設計 - 線程同步與資源管理 - 實戰聊天室案例 - 性能優化技巧
完整代碼示例已包含在文中,讀者可以直接運行測試或基于此進行擴展開發。多線程Socket編程是網絡應用開發的基礎技能,掌握它將為開發更復雜的分布式系統奠定基礎。 “`
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