Docker 是一種開源的容器化平臺，允許開發者將應用程序及其依賴項打包到一個輕量級、可移植的容器中。Docker 容器可以在任何支持 Docker 的環境中運行，確保了應用程序在不同環境中的一致性。Docker 提供了豐富的命令行工具，使得開發者可以方便地管理容器、鏡像、網絡、數據卷等資源。
本文將詳細介紹 Docker 中常用的命令，幫助讀者更好地理解和使用 Docker。我們將從基礎命令開始，逐步深入到鏡像管理、容器管理、網絡管理、數據卷管理、Docker Compose、Docker Swarm、Docker Registry、Docker 安全、Docker 系統管理、Docker 插件管理以及實驗性命令等方面。
docker version 命令用于顯示 Docker 客戶端和服務器的版本信息。
docker version
輸出示例：
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.7
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: f0df350
Built: Wed Jun 2 11:56:38 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.7
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: b0f5bc3
Built: Wed Jun 2 11:54:50 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.4.6
GitCommit: d71fcd7d8303cbf684402823e425e9dd2e99285d
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc95
GitCommit: b9ee9c6314599f1b4a7f497e1f1f856fe433d3b7
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
docker info 命令用于顯示 Docker 系統的詳細信息，包括容器、鏡像、存儲驅動、網絡配置等。
docker info
輸出示例：
Client:
Context: default
Debug Mode: false
Plugins:
app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)
Server:
Containers: 1
Running: 1
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 1
Server Version: 20.10.7
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
userxattr: false
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Cgroup Version: 1
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc io.containerd.runc.v2
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: d71fcd7d8303cbf684402823e425e9dd2e99285d
runc version: b9ee9c6314599f1b4a7f497e1f1f856fe433d3b7
init version: de40ad0
Security Options:
apparmor
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 5.4.0-77-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 15.64GiB
Name: ubuntu
ID: 2Q5Z:3X4Y:5W6V:7U8T:9I0O:1P2A:3S4D:5F6G
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
docker help 命令用于顯示 Docker 命令的幫助信息。
docker help
輸出示例：
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
app Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
docker images 命令用于列出本地主機上的所有鏡像。
docker images
輸出示例：
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 1318b700e415 2 weeks ago 72.8MB
nginx latest 4cdc5dd7eaad 2 weeks ago 133MB
docker pull 命令用于從 Docker Registry 拉取鏡像到本地。
docker pull ubuntu:latest
輸出示例：
”`bash latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu Digest: sha256:1318b700e415b8b7d7a9f1a3b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8b8
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