Apache ShardingSphere 是一款開源的分布式數據庫中間件,旨在為數據庫提供分片、讀寫分離、數據加密、影子庫壓測等功能。其核心設計理念是通過插件化的方式,提供靈活的配置體系,以滿足不同場景下的需求。本文將深入探討 ShardingSphere 的配置體系設計,包括其核心組件、配置方式、以及如何通過配置實現各種功能。
ShardingSphere 的配置體系是其核心功能的基礎,它通過配置文件或代碼的方式,定義了數據源、分片規則、讀寫分離策略、數據加密規則等。配置體系的設計目標是靈活、易用、可擴展,能夠支持多種數據庫類型和復雜的業務場景。
ShardingSphere 的配置體系主要由以下幾個核心組件構成:
ShardingSphere 支持多種配置方式,包括:
數據源配置是 ShardingSphere 配置體系的基礎,它定義了數據庫連接的基本信息。ShardingSphere 支持多種數據庫類型,如 MySQL、PostgreSQL、Oracle 等。
dataSources:
ds_0:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0
username: root
password: root
ds_1:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
username: root
password: root
Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
dataSourceMap.put("ds_0", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0", "root", "root"));
dataSourceMap.put("ds_1", createDataSource("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1", "root", "root"));
private DataSource createDataSource(String url, String username, String password) {
HikariDataSource dataSource = new HikariDataSource();
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUsername(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=ds_0,ds_1
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_0.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db0
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_0.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_0.password=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_1.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_1.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds_1.password=root
分片規則配置是 ShardingSphere 的核心功能之一,它定義了數據分片的規則。分片規則配置包括分片鍵、分片算法、分片表等。
shardingRule:
tables:
t_order:
actualDataNodes: ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
tableStrategy:
standard:
shardingColumn: order_id
preciseAlgorithmClassName: com.example.PreciseShardingAlgorithm
rangeAlgorithmClassName: com.example.RangeShardingAlgorithm
keyGenerateStrategy:
column: order_id
keyGenerator:
type: SNOWFLAKE
props:
worker.id: 123
ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
TableRuleConfiguration tableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("t_order", "ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}");
tableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "com.example.PreciseShardingAlgorithm", "com.example.RangeShardingAlgorithm"));
tableRuleConfig.setKeyGenerateStrategyConfig(new KeyGenerateStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "SNOWFLAKE"));
shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(tableRuleConfig);
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.actual-data-nodes=ds_${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.standard.sharding-column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.standard.precise-algorithm-class-name=com.example.PreciseShardingAlgorithm
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.table-strategy.standard.range-algorithm-class-name=com.example.RangeShardingAlgorithm
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generate-strategy.column=order_id
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generate-strategy.key-generator.type=SNOWFLAKE
spring.shardingsphere.sharding.tables.t_order.key-generate-strategy.key-generator.props.worker.id=123
讀寫分離配置是 ShardingSphere 的另一個核心功能,它定義了讀寫分離的策略。讀寫分離配置包括主從數據庫的配置、負載均衡策略等。
readWriteSplittingRule:
dataSources:
ds_0:
writeDataSourceName: ds_0_master
readDataSourceNames:
- ds_0_slave_0
- ds_0_slave_1
loadBalancerName: roundRobin
ds_1:
writeDataSourceName: ds_1_master
readDataSourceNames:
- ds_1_slave_0
- ds_1_slave_1
loadBalancerName: random
loadBalancers:
roundRobin:
type: ROUND_ROBIN
random:
type: RANDOM
ReadWriteSplittingRuleConfiguration readWriteSplittingRuleConfig = new ReadWriteSplittingRuleConfiguration();
readWriteSplittingRuleConfig.getDataSources().add(new ReadWriteSplittingDataSourceRuleConfiguration("ds_0", "ds_0_master", Arrays.asList("ds_0_slave_0", "ds_0_slave_1"), "roundRobin"));
readWriteSplittingRuleConfig.getDataSources().add(new ReadWriteSplittingDataSourceRuleConfiguration("ds_1", "ds_1_master", Arrays.asList("ds_1_slave_0", "ds_1_slave_1"), "random"));
readWriteSplittingRuleConfig.getLoadBalancers().put("roundRobin", new LoadBalanceConfiguration("ROUND_ROBIN"));
readWriteSplittingRuleConfig.getLoadBalancers().put("random", new LoadBalanceConfiguration("RANDOM"));
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_0.write-data-source-name=ds_0_master
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_0.read-data-source-names=ds_0_slave_0,ds_0_slave_1
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_0.load-balancer-name=roundRobin
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_1.write-data-source-name=ds_1_master
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_1.read-data-source-names=ds_1_slave_0,ds_1_slave_1
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.ds_1.load-balancer-name=random
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.roundRobin.type=ROUND_ROBIN
spring.shardingsphere.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.random.type=RANDOM
數據加密配置是 ShardingSphere 提供的一項安全功能,它定義了數據加密的規則。數據加密配置包括加密算法、加密字段等。
encryptRule:
encryptors:
aes_encryptor:
type: AES
props:
aes.key.value: 123456
tables:
t_user:
columns:
user_name:
cipherColumn: user_name_cipher
encryptorName: aes_encryptor
EncryptRuleConfiguration encryptRuleConfig = new EncryptRuleConfiguration();
encryptRuleConfig.getEncryptors().put("aes_encryptor", new EncryptorConfiguration("AES", "aes.key.value=123456"));
encryptRuleConfig.getTables().put("t_user", new EncryptTableRuleConfiguration(Collections.singletonMap("user_name", new EncryptColumnRuleConfiguration("user_name_cipher", "aes_encryptor"))));
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.encryptors.aes_encryptor.type=AES
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.encryptors.aes_encryptor.props.aes.key.value=123456
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.t_user.columns.user_name.cipher-column=user_name_cipher
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.t_user.columns.user_name.encryptor-name=aes_encryptor
影子庫配置是 ShardingSphere 提供的一項壓測功能,它定義了影子庫的配置。影子庫配置包括影子庫的數據源、影子表等。
shadowRule:
dataSources:
shadow_ds_0:
sourceDataSourceName: ds_0
shadowDataSourceName: ds_0_shadow
shadow_ds_1:
sourceDataSourceName: ds_1
shadowDataSourceName: ds_1_shadow
tables:
t_order:
shadowAlgorithmNames:
- simple_hint
shadowAlgorithms:
simple_hint:
type: SIMPLE_HINT
props:
foo: bar
ShadowRuleConfiguration shadowRuleConfig = new ShadowRuleConfiguration();
shadowRuleConfig.getDataSources().add(new ShadowDataSourceConfiguration("shadow_ds_0", "ds_0", "ds_0_shadow"));
shadowRuleConfig.getDataSources().add(new ShadowDataSourceConfiguration("shadow_ds_1", "ds_1", "ds_1_shadow"));
shadowRuleConfig.getTables().put("t_order", new ShadowTableConfiguration(Collections.singletonList("simple_hint")));
shadowRuleConfig.getShadowAlgorithms().put("simple_hint", new ShadowAlgorithmConfiguration("SIMPLE_HINT", "foo=bar"));
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.data-sources.shadow_ds_0.source-data-source-name=ds_0
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.data-sources.shadow_ds_0.shadow-data-source-name=ds_0_shadow
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.data-sources.shadow_ds_1.source-data-source-name=ds_1
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.data-sources.shadow_ds_1.shadow-data-source-name=ds_1_shadow
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.tables.t_order.shadow-algorithm-names=simple_hint
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.shadow-algorithms.simple_hint.type=SIMPLE_HINT
spring.shardingsphere.shadow.shadow-algorithms.simple_hint.props.foo=bar
ShardingSphere 的配置體系設計得非常靈活,支持通過插件化的方式擴展功能。用戶可以根據自己的需求,自定義分片算法、加密算法、負載均衡策略等。
用戶可以通過實現 PreciseShardingAlgorithm
和 RangeShardingAlgorithm
接口,自定義分片算法。
public class CustomPreciseShardingAlgorithm implements PreciseShardingAlgorithm<Integer> {
@Override
public String doSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames, PreciseShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
// 自定義分片邏輯
return availableTargetNames.iterator().next();
}
}
用戶可以通過實現 EncryptAlgorithm
接口,自定義加密算法。
public class CustomEncryptAlgorithm implements EncryptAlgorithm {
@Override
public void init() {
// 初始化邏輯
}
@Override
public String encrypt(Object plaintext) {
// 加密邏輯
return null;
}
@Override
public Object decrypt(String ciphertext) {
// 解密邏輯
return null;
}
@Override
public String getType() {
return "CUSTOM";
}
}
用戶可以通過實現 LoadBalanceAlgorithm
接口,自定義負載均衡策略。
public class CustomLoadBalanceAlgorithm implements LoadBalanceAlgorithm {
@Override
public String getType() {
return "CUSTOM";
}
@Override
public DataSource getDataSource(String name, Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap) {
// 自定義負載均衡邏輯
return dataSourceMap.values().iterator().next();
}
}
在實際使用中,配置體系的設計和使用需要遵循一些最佳實踐,以確保系統的穩定性和可維護性。
配置文件應該納入版本控制系統,以便于追蹤配置的變化和歷史記錄。
將配置按照功能模塊進行劃分,如數據源配置、分片規則配置、讀寫分離配置等,便于管理和維護。
在應用啟動時,應該對配置進行驗證,確保配置的正確性和完整性。
在需要動態調整配置的場景下,可以通過代碼動態更新配置,而不需要重啟應用。
ShardingSphere 的配置體系設計得非常靈活和強大,能夠滿足各種復雜的業務場景需求。通過配置文件或代碼的方式,用戶可以輕松定義數據源、分片規則、讀寫分離策略、數據加密規則等。同時,ShardingSphere 還支持通過插件化的方式擴展功能,用戶可以根據自己的需求自定義分片算法、加密算法、負載均衡策略等。在實際使用中,遵循配置體系的最佳實踐,可以確保系統的穩定性和可維護性。
通過本文的介紹,相信讀者對 ShardingSphere 的配置體系有了更深入的理解,能夠在實際項目中更好地應用和擴展 ShardingSphere 的功能。
免責聲明:本站發布的內容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創、轉載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網站立場,如果涉及侵權請聯系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進行舉報,并提供相關證據,一經查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內容。