Linux下常用網絡命令整理

本篇內容介紹了“Linux下常用網絡命令整理”的有關知識，在實際案例的操作過程中，不少人都會遇到這樣的困境，接下來就讓小編帶領大家學習一下如何處理這些情況吧！希望大家仔細閱讀，能夠學有所成！

你可以使用以下任何一個命令：
nstat 命令 : 網絡統計工具

鍵入以下命令:

代碼如下:

# nstat

輸出樣例:

    #kernel
    IpInReceives                    133243             0.0
    IpInDelivers                    133243             0.0
    IpOutRequests                   92904              0.0
    IcmpOutErrors                   97                 0.0
    IcmpOutTimeExcds                97                 0.0
    IcmpMsgOutType3                 97                 0.0
    TcpActiveOpens                  538                0.0
    TcpEstabResets                  56                 0.0
    TcpInSegs                       129837             0.0
    TcpOutSegs                      89720              0.0
    TcpRetransSegs                  42                 0.0
    TcpOutRsts                      704                0.0
    UdpInDatagrams                  3255               0.0
    UdpNoPorts                      97                 0.0
    UdpOutDatagrams                 3270               0.0
    Ip6OutNoRoutes                  206                0.0
    TcpExtTW                        141                0.0
    TcpExtDelayedACKs               508                0.0
    TcpExtDelayedACKLocked          1                  0.0
    TcpExtDelayedACKLost            42                 0.0
    TcpExtTCPHPHits                 117659             0.0
    TcpExtTCPPureAcks               2158               0.0
    TcpExtTCPHPAcks                 605                0.0
    TcpExtTCPSackRecovery           1                  0.0
    TcpExtTCPLossUndo               16                 0.0
    TcpExtTCPSackFailures           4                  0.0
    TcpExtTCPFastRetrans            1                  0.0
    TcpExtTCPSlowStartRetrans       3                  0.0
    TcpExtTCPTimeouts               33                 0.0
    TcpExtTCPDSACKOldSent           40                 0.0
    TcpExtTCPDSACKRecv              5                  0.0
    TcpExtTCPAbortOnData            120                0.0
    TcpExtTCPAbortOnClose           55                 0.0
    TcpExtTCPSackShiftFallback      9                  0.0
    IpExtInOctets                   180131682          0.0
    IpExtOutOctets                  7289106            0.0

ss 命令 : 查詢套接字工具

要查看統計匯總, 輸入:

代碼如下:

# ss -s

輸出樣例:

    Total: 786 (kernel 804)
    TCP:   65 (estab 40, closed 7, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 6/0), ports 56
    Transport Total     IP        IPv6
    *     804       -         -
    RAW   1         1         0
    UDP   12        9         3
    TCP   58        52        6
    INET      71        62        9
    FRAG      0         0         0

netstat 命令 : 不錯的顯示套接字信息的舊工具

查看所有網絡端口以及匯總信息表，輸入：

代碼如下:

# netstat -i

輸出樣例:

    Kernel Interface table
    Iface   MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
    eth0       1500 0    941022      0      0 0        688165      0      0      0 BMRU
    lo        16436 0      9304      0      0 0          9304      0      0      0 LRU
    ppp0       1496 0      3784      0      0 0          4177      0      0      0 MOPRU

查看每個協議的匯總統計信息，輸入：

代碼如下:

# netstat -s

輸出樣例:

    Ip:
        1092065 total packets received
        0 forwarded
        0 incoming packets discarded
        1091681 incoming packets delivered
        798913 requests sent out
        895 dropped because of missing route
        759 reassemblies required
        375 packets reassembled ok
    Icmp:
        17 ICMP messages received
        0 input ICMP message failed.
        ICMP input histogram:
            timeout in transit: 8
            echo replies: 9
        1747 ICMP messages sent
        0 ICMP messages failed
        ICMP output histogram:
            destination unreachable: 1730
            echo request: 17
    IcmpMsg:
            InType0: 9
            InType11: 8
            OutType3: 1730
            OutType8: 17
    Tcp:
        4822 active connections openings
        1129 passive connection openings
        457 failed connection attempts
        165 connection resets received
        7 connections established
        1062519 segments received
        771394 segments send out
        7158 segments retransmited
        6 bad segments received.
        2578 resets sent
    Udp:
        20846 packets received
        1730 packets to unknown port received.
        0 packet receive errors
        19242 packets sent
    UdpLite:
    TcpExt:
        71 invalid SYN cookies received
        8 resets received for embryonic SYN_RECV sockets
        142 packets pruned from receive queue because of socket buffer overrun
        2109 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
        84 packets rejects in established connections because of timestamp
        19454 delayed acks sent
        6 delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket
        Quick ack mode was activated 7306 times
        1 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.
        1 bytes directly received in process context from prequeue
        823921 packet headers predicted
        24412 acknowledgments not containing data payload received
        10150 predicted acknowledgments
        242 times recovered from packet loss by selective acknowledgements
        33 congestion windows recovered without slow start by DSACK
        335 congestion windows recovered without slow start after partial ack
        336 TCP data loss events
        TCPLostRetransmit: 35
        1 timeouts after reno fast retransmit
        156 timeouts after SACK recovery
        116 timeouts in loss state
        461 fast retransmits
        5 forward retransmits
        608 retransmits in slow start
        2073 other TCP timeouts
        62 SACK retransmits failed
        43074 packets collapsed in receive queue due to low socket buffer
        8499 DSACKs sent for old packets
        101 DSACKs sent for out of order packets
        308 DSACKs received
        9 DSACKs for out of order packets received
        427 connections reset due to unexpected data
        122 connections reset due to early user close
        28 connections aborted due to timeout
        TCPDSACKIgnoredOld: 3
        TCPDSACKIgnoredNoUndo: 60
        TCPSpuriousRTOs: 4
        TCPSackShifted: 282
        TCPSackMerged: 740
        TCPSackShiftFallback: 1017
    IpExt:
        InMcastPkts: 47
        OutMcastPkts: 51
        InBcastPkts: 1
        InOctets: 1341508973
        OutOctets: 72525352
        InMcastOctets: 8649
        OutMcastOctets: 7519
        InBcastOctets: 328

ip / ifconfig 命令 : 配置或者顯示網絡端口信息

鍵入以下命令:

代碼如下:

# ifconfig

或者

代碼如下:

# /sbin/ifconfig

或者

代碼如下:

# ifconfig eth0

    eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:ac:6f:65:31:e5
              inet addr:192.168.1.5  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::baac:6fff:fe65:31e5/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:966334 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:703297 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
              RX bytes:1186255648 (1.1 GiB)  TX bytes:73968238 (70.5 MiB)
              Interrupt:17
    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
              inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
              inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
              UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
              RX packets:9666 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:9666 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
              RX bytes:1399578 (1.3 MiB)  TX bytes:1399578 (1.3 MiB)
    ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
              inet addr:10.1.11.70  P-t-P:10.0.31.18  Mask:255.255.255.255
              UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1496  Metric:1
              RX packets:3784 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:4177 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
              RX bytes:2400265 (2.2 MiB)  TX bytes:275983 (269.5 KiB)

顯示網絡端口統計信息，輸入：

代碼如下:

# ip -s link

輸出樣例:

    1: lo:  mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast
        1444187    9960     0       0       0       0
        TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
        1444187    9960     0       0       0       0
    2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether b8:ac:6f:65:31:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast
        1221956483 991501   0       0       0       24
        TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
        75623937   720272   0       0       0       0
    3: wlan0:  mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:21:6a:ca:9b:10 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast
        0          0        0       0       0       0
        TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
        0          0        0       0       0       0
    4: pan0:  mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN
        link/ether 4a:c7:5f:0e:8e:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast
        0          0        0       0       0       0
        TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
        0          0        0       0       0       0
    8: ppp0:  mtu 1496 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 3
        link/ppp
        RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast
        2419881    3848     0       0       0       0
        TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
        284151     4287     0       0       0       0

sar 命令: 顯示網絡統計信息

輸入以下命令 (你需要 通過sysstat包安裝并啟用sar):

代碼如下:

sar -n DEV

    Linux 2.6.32-220.2.1.el6.x86_64 (www.cyberciti.biz)    Tuesday 13 March 2012   _x86_64_        (2 CPU)
    12:00:01  CDT     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
    12:10:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:10:01  CDT      eth0    127.13    121.32     95.45     18.34      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:10:01  CDT      eth2     98.48    110.62     16.72     96.33      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:20:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:20:01  CDT      eth0    139.95    133.41    106.30     19.95      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:20:01  CDT      eth2    110.65    121.85     18.14    107.13      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:30:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:30:01  CDT      eth0    147.85    132.49    115.78     20.45      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:30:01  CDT      eth2    111.88    127.39     18.61    117.65      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:40:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:40:01  CDT      eth0    136.75    124.64    105.24     19.48      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:40:01  CDT      eth2    101.65    115.32     17.58    104.50      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:50:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:50:01  CDT      eth0    131.45    125.69     96.49     19.58      0.00      0.00      0.00
    12:50:01  CDT      eth2    101.41    111.31     17.54     96.78      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:00:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:00:01  CDT      eth0    140.30    133.27    102.17     20.75      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:00:01  CDT      eth2    106.90    119.51     18.53    103.09      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:10:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:10:01  CDT      eth0    152.03    127.74    125.56     19.85      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:10:01  CDT      eth2    115.60    134.57     18.73    126.96      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:20:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:20:01  CDT      eth0    138.55    130.55    103.03     20.20      0.00      0.00      0.00
    ....
    ..
    ....
    ..
    .
    01:00:01  CDT      eth2    156.82    169.48     28.83    138.49      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:10:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:10:01  CDT      eth0    215.19    194.82    163.11     30.99      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:10:01  CDT      eth2    162.49    183.79     28.36    163.70      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:20:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:20:01  CDT      eth0    200.20    192.23    140.64     30.93      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:20:01  CDT      eth2    153.60    166.96     27.32    140.26      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:30:01  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:30:01  CDT      eth0    111.98    103.58     79.12     16.52      0.00      0.00      0.48
    01:30:01  CDT      eth2     87.50     95.58     14.74     79.35      0.00      0.00      0.00
    Average:        IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
    Average:           lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    Average:         eth0    211.21    196.20    156.18     31.20      0.00      0.00      0.01
    Average:         eth2    159.10    174.52     28.00    149.95      0.00      0.00      0.00

或者輸入以下命令:

代碼如下:

# sar -n DEV 1 3

輸出樣例:

    Linux 2.6.32-220.2.1.el6.x86_64 (www.cyberciti.biz)    Tuesday 13 March 2012   _x86_64_        (2 CPU)
    01:44:03  CDT     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
    01:44:04  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:44:04  CDT      eth0    161.70    154.26    105.20     26.63      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:44:04  CDT      eth2    145.74    142.55     25.11    144.94      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:44:04  CDT     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
    01:44:05  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:44:05  CDT      eth0    162.14    156.31    107.46     42.18      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:44:05  CDT      eth2    135.92    138.83     39.38    104.92      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:44:05  CDT     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
    01:44:06  CDT        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:44:06  CDT      eth0    303.92    293.14    272.91     37.40      0.00      0.00      0.00
    01:44:06  CDT      eth2    252.94    290.20     34.87    263.50      0.00      0.00      0.00
    Average:        IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s    rxkB/s    txkB/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
    Average:           lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
    Average:         eth0    210.37    202.34    163.19     35.66      0.00      0.00      0.00
    Average:         eth2    178.93    191.64     33.36    171.60      0.00      0.00      0.00

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