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哲學家就餐問題:
哲學家就餐問題是典型的同步問題,該問題描述的是五個哲學家共用一張圓桌,分別坐在五張椅子上,在圓桌上有五個盤子和五個叉子(如下圖),他們的生活方式是交替的進行思考和進餐,思考時不能用餐,用餐時不能思考。平時,一個哲學家進行思考,饑餓時便試圖用餐,只有在他同時拿到他的盤子左右兩邊的兩個叉子時才能進餐。進餐完畢后,他會放下叉子繼續思考。請寫出代碼來解決如上的哲學家就餐問題,要求代碼返回“當每個哲學家分別需要進食 n 次”時這五位哲學家具體的行為記錄。
測試用例:
輸入:n = 1 (1<=n<=60,n 表示每個哲學家需要進餐的次數。)
預期輸出:
[[4,2,1],[4,1,1],[0,1,1],[2,2,1],[2,1,1],[2,0,3],[2,1,2],[2,2,2],[4,0,3],[4,1,2],[0,2,1],[4,2,2],[3,2,1],[3,1,1],[0,0,3],[0,1,2],[0,2,2],[1,2,1],[1,1,1],[3,0,3],[3,1,2],[3,2,2],[1,0,3],[1,1,2],[1,2,2]]
思路:
輸出列表中的每一個子列表描述了某個哲學家的具體行為,它的格式如下:
output[i] = [a, b, c] (3 個整數)
a 哲學家編號。
b 指定叉子:{1 : 左邊, 2 : 右邊}.
c 指定行為:{1 : 拿起, 2 : 放下, 3 : 吃面}。
如 [4,2,1] 表示 4 號哲學家拿起了右邊的叉子。所有自列表組合起來,就完整描述了“當每個哲學家分別需要進食 n 次”時這五位哲學家具體的行為記錄。
代碼實現
import queue
import threading
import time
import random
class CountDownLatch:
def __init__(self, count):
self.count = count
self.condition = threading.Condition()
def wait(self):
try:
self.condition.acquire()
while self.count > 0:
self.condition.wait()
finally:
self.condition.release()
def count_down(self):
try:
self.condition.acquire()
self.count -= 1
self.condition.notifyAll()
finally:
self.condition.release()
class DiningPhilosophers(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, philosopher_number, left_fork, right_fork, operate_queue, count_latch):
super().__init__()
self.philosopher_number = philosopher_number
self.left_fork = left_fork
self.right_fork = right_fork
self.operate_queue = operate_queue
self.count_latch = count_latch
def eat(self):
time.sleep(0.01)
self.operate_queue.put([self.philosopher_number, 0, 3])
def think(self):
time.sleep(random.random())
def pick_left_fork(self):
self.operate_queue.put([self.philosopher_number, 1, 1])
def pick_right_fork(self):
self.operate_queue.put([self.philosopher_number, 2, 1])
def put_left_fork(self):
self.left_fork.release()
self.operate_queue.put([self.philosopher_number, 1, 2])
def put_right_fork(self):
self.right_fork.release()
self.operate_queue.put([self.philosopher_number, 2, 2])
def run(self):
while True:
left = self.left_fork.acquire(blocking=False)
right = self.right_fork.acquire(blocking=False)
if left and right:
self.pick_left_fork()
self.pick_right_fork()
self.eat()
self.put_left_fork()
self.put_right_fork()
break
elif left and not right:
self.left_fork.release()
elif right and not left:
self.right_fork.release()
else:
time.sleep(0.01)
print(str(self.philosopher_number) + ' count_down')
self.count_latch.count_down()
if __name__ == '__main__':
operate_queue = queue.Queue()
fork1 = threading.Lock()
fork2 = threading.Lock()
fork3 = threading.Lock()
fork4 = threading.Lock()
fork5 = threading.Lock()
n = 1
latch = CountDownLatch(5 * n)
for _ in range(n):
philosopher0 = DiningPhilosophers(0, fork5, fork1, operate_queue, latch)
philosopher0.start()
philosopher1 = DiningPhilosophers(1, fork1, fork2, operate_queue, latch)
philosopher1.start()
philosopher2 = DiningPhilosophers(2, fork2, fork3, operate_queue, latch)
philosopher2.start()
philosopher3 = DiningPhilosophers(3, fork3, fork4, operate_queue, latch)
philosopher3.start()
philosopher4 = DiningPhilosophers(4, fork4, fork5, operate_queue, latch)
philosopher4.start()
latch.wait()
queue_list = []
for i in range(5 * 5 * n):
queue_list.append(operate_queue.get())
print(queue_list)關于Python編寫一個哲學家就餐問題就分享到這里了,希望以上內容可以對大家有一定的幫助,可以學到更多知識。如果覺得文章不錯,可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。
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