【Oracle Database】數據庫監聽與連接

服務名??--根據業務需求修改
[oracle@wallet01?~]$?sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
SQL>?show?parameter?service_names;
NAME?????????????????????????????????TYPE??????????????????????????????VALUE
------------------------------------?---------------------------------?------------------------------
service_names????????????????????????string????????????????????????????wallet

實例名??--允許修改不建議修改
SQL>?show?parameter?instance_name

NAME?????????????????????????????????TYPE??????????????????????????????VALUE
------------------------------------?---------------------------------?------------------------------
instance_name????????????????????????string????????????????????????????wallet

數據庫名?--不允許修改
SQL>?show?parameter?db_name

NAME?????????????????????????????????TYPE??????????????????????????????VALUE
------------------------------------?---------------------------------?------------------------------
db_name??????????????????????????????string????????????????????????????wallet

監聽器
[oracle@wallet01?~]$?cd?$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@wallet01?admin]$?cat?listener.ora
#?listener.ora?Network?Configuration?File:?/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
#?Generated?by?Oracle?configuration?tools.
LISTENER?=
??(DESCRIPTION_LIST?=
????(DESCRIPTION?=
??????(ADDRESS?=?(PROTOCOL?=?TCP)(HOST?=?wallet01)(PORT?=?1521))??--協議，主機，端口
????)
??)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER?=?/u01/app/oracle

[oracle@wallet01?~]$?lsnrctl?start

LSNRCTL?for?Linux:?Version?11.2.0.4.0?-?Production?on?09-MAY-2019?10:43:13

Copyright?(c)?1991,?2013,?Oracle.??All?rights?reserved.

Starting?/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr:?please?wait...

TNSLSNR?for?Linux:?Version?11.2.0.4.0?-?Production
System?parameter?file?is?/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log?messages?written?to?/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/wallet01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening?on:?(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=wallet01)(PORT=1521)))
Listening?on:?(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting?to?(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=wallet01)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS?of?the?LISTENER
------------------------
Alias?????????????????????LISTENER
Version???????????????????TNSLSNR?for?Linux:?Version?11.2.0.4.0?-?Production
Start?Date????????????????09-MAY-2019?10:43:13
Uptime????????????????????0?days?0?hr.?0?min.?5?sec
Trace?Level???????????????off
Security??????????????????ON:?Local?OS?Authentication
SNMP??????????????????????OFF
Listener?Parameter?File???/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener?Log?File?????????/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/wallet01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening?Endpoints?Summary...
??(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=wallet01)(PORT=1521)))
??(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The?listener?supports?no?services
The?command?completed?successfully

[oracle@wallet01?~]$?lsnrctl?status

LSNRCTL?for?Linux:?Version?11.2.0.4.0?-?Production?on?09-MAY-2019?10:44:44

Copyright?(c)?1991,?2013,?Oracle.??All?rights?reserved.

Connecting?to?(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=wallet01)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS?of?the?LISTENER
------------------------
Alias?????????????????????LISTENER
Version???????????????????TNSLSNR?for?Linux:?Version?11.2.0.4.0?-?Production
Start?Date????????????????09-MAY-2019?10:43:13
Uptime????????????????????0?days?0?hr.?1?min.?31?sec
Trace?Level???????????????off
Security??????????????????ON:?Local?OS?Authentication
SNMP??????????????????????OFF
Listener?Parameter?File???/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener?Log?File?????????/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/wallet01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening?Endpoints?Summary...
??(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=wallet01)(PORT=1521)))
??(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services?Summary...
Service?"wallet"?has?1?instance(s).
??Instance?"wallet",?status?READY,?has?1?handler(s)?for?this?service...
Service?"walletXDB"?has?1?instance(s).
??Instance?"wallet",?status?READY,?has?1?handler(s)?for?this?service...
The?command?completed?successfully

客戶端（本地命名方式）
[oracle@wallet02?~]$?cd?$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@wallet02?admin]$?cat?tnsnames.ora?
#?tnsnames.ora?Network?Configuration?File:?/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
#?Generated?by?Oracle?configuration?tools.

wallet?=?????--連接字符串（網絡服務名）根據業務需求修改
??(DESCRIPTION?=
????(ADDRESS?=?(PROTOCOL?=?TCP)(HOST?=?192.168.1.201)(PORT?=?1521))???--協議，主機，端口
????(CONNECT_DATA?=
??????(SERVER?=?DEDICATED)???--專用服務器模式
??????(SERVICE_NAME?=?wallet)????--與服務名保持一致
????)
??)

[oracle@wallet02?~]$?sqlplus?sys/oracle@wallet?as?sysdba????--用戶名/密碼@連接字符串（網絡服務名）

SQL*Plus:?Release?11.2.0.4.0?Production?on?Fri?Jun?29?10:06:52?2018

Copyright?(c)?1982,?2009,?Oracle.??All?rights?reserved.

Connected?to:
Oracle?Database?11g?Enterprise?Edition?Release?11.2.0.4.0?-?64bit?Production
With?the?Partitioning,?OLAP,?Data?Mining?and?Real?Application?Testing?options

SQL>?select?*?from?dual;

DUM
---
X

總結：listener.ora文件中的協議，主機，端口，與通過PMON動態注冊的服務名，
與tnsnames.ora文件中的協議，主機，端口，服務名需要保持一致，客戶端才可以正常連接數據庫服務器。