RIP協議最初是為Xerox網絡系統的Xerox parc通用協議而設計的，是Internet中常用的路由協議。RIP采用距離向量算法，即路由器根據距離選擇路由，所以也稱為距離向量協議。路由器收集所有可到達目的地的不同路徑，并且保存有關到達每個目的地的最少站點數的路徑信息，除到達目的地的最佳路徑外，任何其它信息均予以丟棄。同時路由器也把所收集的路由信息用RIP協議通知相鄰的其它路由器。這樣，正確的路由信息逐漸擴散到了全網。```
RIP使用非常廣泛，它簡單、可靠，便于配置。但是RIP只適用于小型的同構網絡，因為它允許的最大站點數為15，任何超過15個站點的目的地均被標記為不可達。而且RIP每隔30s一次的路由信息廣播也是造成網絡的廣播風暴的重要原因之一。
二.什么叫距離矢量路由協議
基于距離矢量算法：又稱為Bellman-ford或 Ford-Fulkerson算法。
距離矢量名稱的由來是因為路由是以矢量（距離，方向）的方式被通告出去的，這里的距離是根據度量來決定的。通俗點就是：往某個方向上的距離。
周期性更新：每個路由器周期性地向直接相連的其他路由器發送自己 的路由表。
原理：距離矢量協議直接傳送各自的路由表信息。網絡中的路由器從自己的鄰居路由器得到路由信息，并將這些路由信息連同自己的本地路由信息發送給其他鄰居，這樣一級級的傳遞下去以達到全網同步。每個路由器都不了解整個網絡拓撲，它們只知道與自己直接相連的網絡情況，并根據從鄰居得到的路由信息更新自己的路由。
三.RIP路由協議特點
RIP：Routing Information Protocol （路由信息協議）
一種距離矢量路由協議，屬于IGP協議。
RIP協議適用于中小型網絡，有RIPv1和RIPv2兩個版本。
其中：
RIPv1為有類別路由協議，不支持VLSM和CIDR
以廣播的形式發送報文
不支持驗證
RIPv2為無類別路由協議，支持VLSM，支持路由聚合與CIDR
支持以廣播或者組播（224.0.0.9）的形式發送報文
支持明文驗證和 MD5 密文驗證
使用UDP進行路由信息的交互，目標端口號520。
RIP支持：水平分割（避免路由環路的出現和加快路由匯聚的技術）、毒性逆轉（一種改進的水平分割）
## 四.路由環路
路由環路：更新周期30s
r1 r2 r3
r3有一條鏈路壞了，它的條目
跳數就是16不可達
30s后r2就會去學習R3的條目
周期30s，r3的條目跳數就變成2
數據包在這兩個路由器就會回環
五.根據實驗來配置RIP協議
實驗環境：R1，R2, R3,三個路由器，PC1,PC2,兩臺主機，GNS3中模擬。
實驗目的：主機互聯互通，三個路由器互相學習路由表，路由環路。
### 1.在GNS3當中配好路由器的接口的地址和主機的IP地址
PC1: 192.168.10.2/24
R1F0/0: 192.168.10.1/24
R1F0/1: 192.168.20.1/30 子網掩碼：255.255.255.252
R2F0/0: 192.168.20.2/30 子網掩碼：255.255.255.252
R2F0/1: 192.168.30.1/30 子網掩碼：255.255.255.252
R3F0/0: 192.168.30.2/30 子網掩碼：255.255.255.252
R3F0/1: 192.168.40.1/24
PC2: 192.168.40.2/24
### 2.配置R1兩個接口的地址，并查看地址有沒有生效
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 //配置地址
R1(config-if)#no shut //開啟
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#int
*Mar 1 00:01:36.027: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:01:37.027: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config)#int f0/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#ex
R1(config)#
*Mar 1 00:01:58.459: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthern
*Mar 1 00:01:59.459: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R1(config)#do show ip route //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1配置R2兩個接口的地址，并查看地址有沒有生效
R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#int fMar 1 00:02:55.115: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Mar 1 00:02:56.115: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config)#int f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#Mar 1 00:03:18.619: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
Mar 1 00:03:19.619: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R2(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0**3.配置R3的兩個接口地址和查看路由表地址有沒有生效
R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.252
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#int f
*Mar 1 00:03:56.759: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Mar 1 00:03:57.759: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config)#int f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#
*Mar 1 00:04:15.899: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:04:16.899: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
R3(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set 192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
4.給R1配RIP2協議，并且查看路由表
R1(config)#router rip //進入RIP協議進程
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 //宣告網段
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 //宣告網段
R1(config-router)#version 2 //選擇2協議
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary //關閉路由匯總
R1(config-router)#ex
R1(config)#do show ip route //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R 192.168.30.0 [120/1] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.40.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:00, FastEthernet0/1
192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/15.給R2配RIP2協議，并且查看路由表
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0
R2(config-router)#version 2
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#ex
R2(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:13, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.40.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:12, FastEthernet0/1
192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/06..給R3配RIP2協議，并且查看路由表```
R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0
R3(config-router)#version 2
R3(config-router)#no auto-summary
R3(config-router)#ex
R3(config)#do show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
192.168.30.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 192.168.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
192.168.20.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R 192.168.20.0 [120/1] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
### 7.給兩臺PC機配IP地址并測試能不能互聯互通
> PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1
> Checking for duplicate address...
> PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1
>
>
> PC1> ping 192.168.40.2
> 84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=93.730 ms
> 84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=93.728 ms
> 84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=93.729 ms
> 84 bytes from 192.168.40.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=93.697 ms
> PC2> ip 192.168.40.2 192.168.40.1
> Checking for duplicate address...
> PC1 : 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.40.1
>
> PC2> ping 192.168.10.2
> 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=93.762 ms
> 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=93.729 ms
> 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=93.729 ms
> 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=93.695 ms
> 84 bytes from 192.168.10.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=93.696 ms
## 以上就是我們的動態路由的RIP協議
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