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高速緩存dns

發布時間:2020-07-21 02:33:54 來源:網絡 閱讀:571 作者:blueclo 欄目:建站服務器

第三單元

高速緩存dns

 

dns

 

1 權威名稱服務器

 

存儲并提供某區域 ( 整個 DNS 域或 DNS 域的一部分 ) 的實際數據。權威名稱服

務器的類型包括

Master : 包含原始區域數據。有時稱作 “ 主要 ” 名稱服務器

Slave : 備份服務器 , 通過區域傳送從 Master 服務器獲得的區域數據的副本。有時稱作 “ 次要 ”名稱服務器

 

2 非權威/遞歸名稱服務器

 

客戶端通過其查找來自權威名稱服務器的數據

 

3 DNS 查找

 

 

 

 DNS 資源記錄

 

DNS 區域采用資源記錄的形式存儲信息。每條資源記錄均具有一個類型 , 表明其保留的數據類型:

A : 名稱至 IPv4 地址

AAAA : 名稱至 IPv6 地址

CNAME : 名稱至 ” 規范名稱 “ ( 包含 A/AAAA 記錄的另一個名稱 )

PTR : IPv4/IPv6 地址至名稱

MX : 用于名稱的郵件交換器 ( 向何處發送其電子郵件 )

NS : 域名的名稱服務器

SOA :” 授權起始 “ , DNS 區域的信息 ( 管理信息 )

 

 

DNS 排錯

 

它顯示來自 DNS 查找的詳細信息 , 其中包括為什么查詢失敗 :

NOERROR : 查詢成功

NXDOMAIN : DNS 服務器提示不存在這樣的名稱

SERVFAIL : DNS 服務器停機或 DNSSEC 響應驗證失敗

REFUSED : DNS 服務器拒絕回答 ( 也許是出于訪問控制原因 )

 

緩存dns服務器

 

服務端:

1 yum    install    bind.x86_64    -y             ###安裝dns###

2 systemctl     stop     firewalld.service       ###關閉防火墻###

3 systemctl     start      named     ###開啟服務,若是許久沒有開啟可能是字符不夠,在虛擬機上隨便輸入幾個字符####

4  vim      /etc/named.conf             ###編輯主配置文件###

修改其中幾行為:

listen-on port 53 { any; };               ###回環接口不與外界交互,改成any###

allow-query     { any; };               ###允許任何人連###

forwarders      {172.25.254.250;};        ####如果高速緩存dns找不到就到172.25.254.250(權威名稱服務器)找####

 

5  systemctl   restart    named      ###重啟服務###

 

客戶端:

1  vim       /etc/resolv.conf            ###在里面指明dns服務器###

2 測試:dig www.baidu.com              ###dig指出關于查詢和答案的信息###

 

過程如下:

 

[root@localhost ~]# yum search dns               

[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind.x86_64 -y

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rndc.key        ###在沒有開啟named服務的時候,該文件不存在#####

ls: cannot access /etc/rndc.key: No such file or directory

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named     ###開啟服務,若是許久沒有開啟可能是字符不夠,在虛擬機上隨便輸入幾個字符####

[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rndc.key          

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 77 May  5 22:13 /etc/rndc.key

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

 高速緩存dns


 

 

 

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart named      ###重啟服務###

 

 

客戶端:

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf       ###在里面指明dns服務器###


高速緩存dns

[root@localhost ~]# dig www.baidu.com  

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.baidu.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 47262   ###NOERROR表示查詢成功#######

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 1

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:                #####要查詢什么####

;www.baidu.com.INA      

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:                    ####響應######

www.baidu.com.376INCNAMEwww.a.shifen.com.   ###CNAME : 名稱至 ” 規范名稱 “####

www.a.shifen.com.300INA183.232.231.172   ###A : 名稱至 IPv4 地址####

www.a.shifen.com.300INA183.232.231.173

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

.513219INNSk.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSc.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSa.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSg.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSi.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSh.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSm.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSe.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSf.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSb.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSl.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSd.root-servers.net.

.513219INNSj.root-servers.net.

 

;; Query time: 349 msec        ####指出發送查詢的遞歸名稱服務器以及獲得響應所花費的時間###

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Fri May 05 22:17:05 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 312

 

 

編寫A記錄文件

 

服務端:

1 vim /etc/named.conf

2 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

3 cd /var/named/

4 cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone      ####用模板生成A記錄配置文件,一定要-p,不然可能會出現權限錯誤#####

5  vim westos.com.zone                      ###編寫A記錄文件####

6  systemctl   restart    named             ####重啟服務###

 

客戶端:

1 vim /etc/resolv.conf

2 測試: dig www.westos.com

 

 

過程如下:

 

服務端:

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

高速緩存dns

options {

        listen-on port 53 { any; };

        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };

        directory       "/var/named";

        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

        allow-query     { any; };

 

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

 高速緩存dns

zone "westos.com" IN {                      ###指定要維護的域名###

        type master;

        file "westos.com.zone";            ###指定A記錄文件名###

        allow-update { none; };

};

 

[root@server ~]# cd /var/named/

[root@server named]# ll

total 20

drwxrwx---. 2 named named   22 May  5 22:13 data

drwxrwx---. 2 named named   30 May  5 23:30 dynamic

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named 2076 Jan 28  2013 named.ca

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  152 Dec 15  2009 named.empty

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  152 Jun 21  2007 named.localhost

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  168 Dec 15  2009 named.loopback

drwxrwx---. 2 named named    6 Jan 29  2014 slaves

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  349 May  5 23:29 westos.com.zone

[root@server named]# cp -p named.localhost westos.com.zone

[root@server named]# vim westos.com.zone       ###編寫A記錄文件####

 高速緩存dns

 $TTL 1D     ###指緩存一天###

@       IN SOA  dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

                                        0       ; serial

                                        1D      ; refresh

                                        1H      ; retry

                                        1W      ; expire

                                        3H )    ; minimum

                NS      dns.westos.com.   ###指定dns主機###

dns             A       172.25.254.112    ###指定dns主機的A記錄###

www             A       172.25.254.212    ###要添加的A記錄###

 

###第一個@符指zone“...”雙引號的內容,此處指westo.com;dns.westos.com.指dns服務器的名稱,結尾.不能少,不然會自動補齊@符的內容###

 

 

 

[root@server named]# systemctl restart named

 

 

客戶端:

 

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

 

# Generated by NetworkManager

search example.com

nameserver  172.25.254.112

 

 

[root@localhost ~]# dig www.westos.com

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29432

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.westos.com.INA

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.212

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:       ####負責域(區域)的名稱服務器###

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:    ###提供的其他信息 , 通常是關于名稱服務器#####

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Fri May 05 23:14:27 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 93

 

 

A記錄文件中添加CNAME和MX

 

服務端:

vim     /var/named/westos.com.zone     ###編輯A記錄文件###

systemctl      restart     named       ###重啟服務###

 

客戶端:

測試:dig    music.westos.com

     dig    -t      mx westos.com

 

 

過程如下:

服務器:

[root@server ~]# vim /var/named/westos.com.zone

$TTL 1D

@       IN SOA  dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

                                        0       ; serial

                                        1D      ; refresh

                                        1H      ; retry

                                        1W      ; expire

                                        3H )    ; minimum

                NS      dns.westos.com.

dns             A       172.25.254.112

www             A       172.25.254.212

music           CNAME   music.a.westos.com.

music.a         A       172.25.254.111

music.a         A       172.25.254.222

westos.com.     MX 1    172.25.254.100.

~                           

[root@server ~]# systemctl restart named

[root@server ~]#

 

客戶端:

[root@localhost ~]# dig music.westos.com

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> music.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14025

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;music.westos.com.INA

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

music.westos.com.86400INCNAMEmusic.a.westos.com.

music.a.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.111

music.a.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.222

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Fri May 05 23:30:33 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 133

 

[root@localhost ~]# dig -t mx westos.com

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -t mx westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 33372

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;westos.com.INMX

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

westos.com.86400INMX1 172.25.254.100.

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Fri May 05 23:30:46 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 103

 

 不同的網段使用不同的dns

 

服務端:

1  cp /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.rfc1912.inter -p

2  vim /etc/named.rfc1912.inter

3  cp /var/named/westos.com.zone /var/named/westos.com.inter -p

4  vim /var/named/westos.com.inter

5  vim /etc/named.conf

6  systemctl restart named

 

客戶端:

測試:dig www.westos.com  ###ip為172.25.254.212的客戶端####

     dig www.westos.com  ###ip為172.25.12.101的客戶端###

 

過程如下:

[root@server ~]# cp /etc/named.rfc1912.zones /etc/named.rfc1912.inter -p

 

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.inter

 高速緩存dns

 zone "westos.com" IN {

        type master;

        file "westos.com.inter";

        allow-update { none; };

};

 

[root@server ~]# cp /var/named/westos.com.zone /var/named/westos.com.inter -p

[root@server ~]# vim /var/named/westos.com.inter

高速緩存dns

$TTL 1D

@       IN SOA  dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

                                        0       ; serial

                                        1D      ; refresh

                                        1H      ; retry

                                        1W      ; expire

                                        3H )    ; minimum

                NS      dns.westos.com.

dns             A       172.25.12.112

www             A       172.25.12.212

music           CNAME   music.a.westos.com.

music.a         A       172.25.12.111

music.a         A       172.25.12.222

westos.com.     MX 1    172.25.12.100.

~             

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

 高速緩存dns


 

[root@server ~]# systemctl restart named

 

客戶端:

[root@localhost ~]# dig www.westos.com                ###ip為172.25.254.212的客戶端####

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20946

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.westos.com.INA

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.212

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 02:31:35 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 93

 

 

 

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf         ###ip為172.25.12.101的客戶端###

# Generated by NetworkManager

search example.com

nameserver  172.25.12.100

 

# No nameservers found; try putting DNS servers into your

# ifcfg files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts like so:

#

# DNS1=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

# DNS2=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

# DOMAIN=lab.foo.com bar.foo.com

[root@localhost ~]# dig www.westos.com

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> www.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51552

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;www.westos.com.INA

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

www.westos.com.86400INA172.25.12.212

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.12.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.12.100#53(172.25.12.100)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 02:40:07 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 93

 

 

 

反向解析

 

服務端:

1 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

2 cd /var/named/

3 cp -p named.loopback /var/named/westos.comNaNr

4 vim /var/named/westos.comNaNr

5 systemctl restart named

 

客戶端:

測試:dig -x 172.25.254.111

 

 

過程如下:

服務端:

 

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones   

 高速緩存dns

zone "254.25.172.in-addr.arpa" IN {         ###將dns服務器所在網段反著寫####

        type master;

        file "westos.comNaNr";

        allow-update { none; };

};

 

 

[root@server ~]# cd /var/named/

[root@server named]# ll

total 28

drwxrwx---. 2 named named   22 May  5 22:13 data

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 May  6 03:07 dynamic

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named 2076 Jan 28  2013 named.ca

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  152 Dec 15  2009 named.empty

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  152 Jun 21  2007 named.localhost

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  168 Dec 15  2009 named.loopback

drwxrwx---. 2 named named    6 Jan 29  2014 slaves

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  344 May  6 01:57 westos.com.inter

-rw-r-----. 1 root  named  349 May  5 23:29 westos.com.zone

[root@server named]# cp -p named.loopback /var/named/westos.comNaNr

[root@server named]# vim /var/named/westos.comNaNr

 高速緩存dns


[root@server named]# systemctl restart namede

 

 

客戶端:

 

 

[root@localhost ~]# dig -x 172.25.254.111

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -x 172.25.254.111

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 34839

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;111.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa.INPTR

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

111.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 INPTRwww.westos.com.

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 03:27:08 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 118

 

[root@localhost ~]# dig -x 172.25.254.222

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -x 172.25.254.222

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14617

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;222.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa.INPTR

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

222.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 INPTRbbs.westos.com.

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 1 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 03:30:35 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 118

 

[root@localhost ~]# dig -x 172.25.254.222

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> -x 172.25.254.222

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17706

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;222.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa.INPTR

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

222.254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400 INPTRbbs.westos.com.

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

254.25.172.in-addr.arpa. 86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 03:30:39 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 118

 

更新dns

 

服務端:

1 cp  -p  /var/named/westos.com.zone   /mnt/

2 vim  /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

 

zone "westos.com" IN {

        type master;

        file "westos.com.zone";

        allow-update { 172.25.254.212; };  ###允許誰去更新###

};

 

3 systemctl  restart  named

4 chmod  770  /var/named/

5 setsebool  -P  named_write_master_zones  1

 

客戶端:

測試:

1 nsupdate                              ###添加###

> server 172.25.254.112

> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.222

> send

 

2 dig hello.westos.com                  ###查看###

 

3 nsupdate                              ###刪除####

> server 172.25.254.112

> update delete hello.westos.com

> send

 

過程如下:

 

服務端:

[root@server named]# cp -p /var/named/westos.com.zone /mnt/

[root@server named]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

zone "westos.com" IN {

        type master;

        file "westos.com.zone";

        allow-update { 172.25.254.212; };

};

 

[root@server named]# systemctl restart named

[root@server named]# chmod 770 /var/named/

[root@server named]# setsebool -P named_write_master_zones 1

 

 

客戶端:

[root@localhost ~]# nsupdate

> server 172.25.254.112

> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.222

> send

> ^C[root@localhost ~]# dig hello.westos.com

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> hello.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 12735

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;hello.westos.com.INA

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

hello.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.222

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sat May 06 04:05:37 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 95

 

 

###但重啟服務時,westos.com.zone文件內容就變了,與緩存文件westos.com.zone.jnl同步####

恢復westos.com.zone文件:

cd /var/named

rm -fr westos.com.zone  westos.com.zone.jnl ###將緩存文件和變了的文件刪除###

cp -p /mnt/westos.com.zone .   ###將之前的文件復制過來###

 

過程如下:

 

[root@server named]# systemctl restart named

[root@server named]# vim /var/named/westos.com.zone

######改變后的文件內容####

$ORIGIN .

$TTL 86400      ; 1 day

westos.com              IN SOA  dns.westos.com. root.westos.com. (

                                1          ; serial

                                86400      ; refresh (1 day)

                                3600       ; retry (1 hour)

                                604800     ; expire (1 week)

                                10800      ; minimum (3 hours)

                                )

                        NS      dns.westos.com.

                        MX      1 172.25.254.100.

$ORIGIN westos.com.

music.a                 A       172.25.254.111

                        A       172.25.254.222

dns                     A       172.25.254.112

hello                   A       172.25.254.222

music                   CNAME   music.a

www                     A       172.25.254.212

 

 

[root@server named]# ls

data      named.empty      slaves            westos.com.zone

dynamic   named.localhost  westos.com.inter  westos.com.zone.jnl

named.ca  named.loopback   westos.comNaNr

[root@server named]# vim /var/named/westos.com.zone

[root@server named]# rm -fr westos.com.zone westos.com.zone.jnl ###將緩存文件和變了的文件刪除###

[root@server named]# cp -p /mnt/westos.com.zone .   ###將之前的文件復制過來###

[root@server named]# ls

data      named.empty      slaves            westos.com.zone

dynamic   named.localhost  westos.com.inter

named.ca  named.loopback   westos.comNaNr

 

 

 配置鑰匙

 

服務器:

1 dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 256 -n HOST westoskey ###產生鑰匙,-a指加密方式,-b 指加密字符長度,-n指加密用途,HOST指域名解析,westoskey為鑰匙名稱###

2 cat    Kwestoskey.+157+22331.key  

3 cp  -p  /etc/rndc.key  /etc/westos.key    ###利用模版要制作配置文件###

4 vim  /etc/westos.key

5 vim  /etc/named.conf

6 vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

7 scp Kwestoskey.+157+23921.* root@172.25.254.212:/mnt/ ###把鑰匙傳給客戶端###

客戶端:

 

測試:

nsupdate -k Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private

> server 172.25.254.112

> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.111

> send

> quit

[root@localhost mnt]# dig hello.westos.com

 

過程如下:

服務端:

[root@server named]# dnssec-keygen --help

dnssec-keygen: invalid argument --

Usage:

    dnssec-keygen [options] name

 

Version: 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7

    name: owner of the key

Options:

    -K <directory>: write keys into directory

    -a <algorithm>:

        RSA | RSAMD5 | DSA | RSASHA1 | NSEC3RSASHA1 | NSEC3DSA |

        RSASHA256 | RSASHA512 | ECCGOST |

        ECDSAP256SHA256 | ECDSAP384SHA384 |

        DH | HMAC-MD5 | HMAC-SHA1 | HMAC-SHA224 | HMAC-SHA256 |

        HMAC-SHA384 | HMAC-SHA512

       (default: RSASHA1, or NSEC3RSASHA1 if using -3)

    -3: use NSEC3-capable algorithm

    -b <key size in bits>:

        RSAMD5:[512..4096]

        RSASHA1:[512..4096]

        NSEC3RSASHA1:[512..4096]

        RSASHA256:[512..4096]

        RSASHA512:[1024..4096]

        DH:[128..4096]

        DSA:[512..1024] and divisible by 64

        NSEC3DSA:[512..1024] and divisible by 64

        ECCGOST:ignored

        ECDSAP256SHA256:ignored

        ECDSAP384SHA384:ignored

        HMAC-MD5:[1..512]

        HMAC-SHA1:[1..160]

        HMAC-SHA224:[1..224]

        HMAC-SHA256:[1..256]

        HMAC-SHA384:[1..384]

        HMAC-SHA512:[1..512]

        (if using the default algorithm, key size

        defaults to 2048 for KSK, or 1024 for all others)

    -n <nametype>: ZONE | HOST | ENTITY | USER | OTHER

        (DNSKEY generation defaults to ZONE)

    -c <class>: (default: IN)

    -d <digest bits> (0 => max, default)

    -E <engine>:

        name of an OpenSSL engine to use

    -f <keyflag>: KSK | REVOKE

    -g <generator>: use specified generator (DH only)

    -L <ttl>: default key TTL

    -p <protocol>: (default: 3 [dnssec])

    -r <randomdev>: a file containing random data

    -s <strength>: strength value this key signs DNS records with (default: 0)

    -T <rrtype>: DNSKEY | KEY (default: DNSKEY; use KEY for SIG(0))

    -t <type>: AUTHCONF | NOAUTHCONF | NOAUTH | NOCONF (default: AUTHCONF)

    -h: print usage and exit

    -m <memory debugging mode>:

       usage | trace | record | size | mctx

    -v <level>: set verbosity level (0 - 10)

Timing options:

    -P date/[+-]offset/none: set key publication date (default: now)

    -A date/[+-]offset/none: set key activation date (default: now)

    -R date/[+-]offset/none: set key revocation date

    -I date/[+-]offset/none: set key inactivation date

    -D date/[+-]offset/none: set key deletion date

    -G: generate key only; do not set -P or -A

    -C: generate a backward-compatible key, omitting all dates

    -S <key>: generate a successor to an existing key

    -i <interval>: prepublication interval for successor key (default: 30 days)

Output:

     K<name>+<alg>+<id>.key, K<name>+<alg>+<id>.private

[root@server named]# cd /mnt/

[root@server mnt]# dnssec-keygen -a  HMAC-MD5 -b 128 -n  HOST westoskey

Kwestoskey.+157+23921

[root@server mnt]# ls

Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key  Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private  westos.com.zone

[root@server mnt]# cat Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key

westoskey. IN KEY 512 3 157 Af69mywNhRB8Vq88kiYpYw==

[root@server mnt]# cp -p /etc/rndc.key /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/westos.key

 

[1]+  Stopped                 vim /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# fg

vim /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/westos.key

 

[1]+  Stopped                 vim /etc/westos.key

[root@server mnt]# fg

vim /etc/westos.key

高速緩存dns

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/named.conf

高速緩存dns

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

高速緩存dns

[root@server mnt]# systemctl restart named

[root@server mnt]# scp Kwestoskey.+157+23921.* root@172.25.254.212:/mnt/

The authenticity of host '172.25.254.212 (172.25.254.212)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '172.25.254.212' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

root@172.25.254.212's password:

Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key                     100%   53     0.1KB/s   00:00    

Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private                 100%  165     0.2KB/s   00:00    

####把鑰匙傳給客戶端###

 

客戶端:

[root@localhost mnt]# nsupdate -k Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private

> server 172.25.254.112

> update add hello.westos.com 86400 A 172.25.254.111

> send

> quit

[root@localhost mnt]# dig hello.westos.com

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> hello.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 33993

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;hello.westos.com.INA

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

hello.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.111

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sun May 07 21:14:53 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 95

 

 

十一 dhcp更新dns

 

服務端:

1 yum  install  dhcp  -y          ###安裝dhcp###

2 cp  /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example  /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ##利用模版制作dhcp配置文件###

3 vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

 

內容:

 6 option domain-name "westos.com";    ###域名###

  7 option domain-name-servers 172.25.254.112;    ###dns###

  8

  9 default-lease-time 600;

 10 max-lease-time 7200;

 11 ddns-update-style interim;            ###開啟dhcp上傳數據功能###

 12 log-facility local7;

 13 subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {    

 14   range 172.25.254.180 172.25.254.190;   ##分配ip的范圍###

 15   option routers 172.25.254.250;          ###網關####

 16 }

 17 key westoskey {

 18         algorithm hmac-md5;

 19         secret Af69mywNhRB8Vq88kiYpYw==;

 20 };

 21 zone westos.com. {

 22         primary 127.0.0.1;      ###dns,因為現在dns和dhcp在一臺主機上,故用回環接口會提高效率####

 23         key westoskey;

 24 }

 

 

4 systemctl restart dhcpd

5 vim /etc/named.conf

6 systemctl  restart  named

 

 

 

客戶端:

測試:

1 vim  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

2 hostnamectl set-hostname helo.westos.com

3 vim /etc/resolv.conf

4 dig www.westos.com

 

 

過程如下:

服務端:

[root@server ~]# yum install dhcp -y

[root@server ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

[root@server ~]# cd /mnt/

[root@server mnt]# ls

Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key  Kwestoskey.+157+23921.private  westos.com.zone

[root@server mnt]# cat Kwestoskey.+157+23921.key

westoskey. IN KEY 512 3 157 Af69mywNhRB8Vq88kiYpYw==

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

高速緩存dns

[root@server mnt]# systemctl restart dhcpd

[root@server mnt]# vim /etc/named.conf

高速緩存dns

[root@server mnt]# systemctl restart named

 

客戶端:

[root@test ~]# hostname

test.westos.com

 

[root@test ~]# dig test.westos.com

 

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-14.el7 <<>> test.westos.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 4253

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

 

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;test.westos.com.INA

 

;; ANSWER SECTION:

test.westos.com.300INA172.25.254.180

 

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

westos.com.86400INNSdns.westos.com.

 

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns.westos.com.86400INA172.25.254.112

 

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 172.25.254.112#53(172.25.254.112)

;; WHEN: Sun May 07 22:31:20 EDT 2017

;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 94


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