前言
我們在開發中常遇到一種場景,Bean里面有一些參數是比較固定的,這種時候通常會采用配置的方式,將這些參數配置在.properties文件中,然后在Bean實例化的時候通過Spring將這些.properties文件中配置的參數使用占位符"${}"替換的方式讀入并設置到Bean的相應參數中。
這種做法最典型的就是JDBC的配置,本文就來研究一下.properties文件讀取及占位符"${}"替換的源碼,首先從代碼入手,定義一個DataSource,模擬一下JDBC四個參數:
public class DataSource {
/**
* 驅動類
*/
private String driveClass;
/**
* jdbc地址
*/
private String url;
/**
* 用戶名
*/
private String userName;
/**
* 密碼
*/
private String password;
public String getDriveClass() {
return driveClass;
}
public void setDriveClass(String driveClass) {
this.driveClass = driveClass;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DataSource [driveClass=" + driveClass + ", url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", password=" + password + "]";
}
}
定義一個db.properties文件:
driveClass=0 url=1 userName=2 password=3
定義一個properties.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="location" value="properties/db.properties"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.xrq.spring.action.properties.DataSource">
<property name="driveClass" value="${driveClass}" />
<property name="url" value="${url}" />
<property name="userName" value="${userName}" />
<property name="password" value="${password}" />
</bean>
</beans>
寫一段測試代碼:
public class TestProperties {
@Test
public void testProperties() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/properties.xml");
DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)ac.getBean("dataSource");
System.out.println(dataSource);
}
}
運行結果就不貼了,很明顯,下面就來分析一下Spring是如何將properties文件中的屬性讀入并替換"${}"占位符的。
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer類解析
在properties.xml文件中我們看到了一個類PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,顧名思義它就是一個屬性占位符配置器,看一下這個類的繼承關系圖:

看到從這張圖上,我們能分析出來的最重要的一點就是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer是BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的實現類,想見Spring上下文必然是在Bean定義全部加載完畢后且Bean實例化之前通過postProcessBeanFactory方法一次性地替換了占位符"${}"。
.properties文件讀取源碼解析
下面來看一下postProcessBeanFactory方法實現:
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
try {
Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();
// Convert the merged properties, if necessary.
convertProperties(mergedProps);
// Let the subclass process the properties.
processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);
}
}
跟一下第3行的mergeProperties方法:
protected Properties mergeProperties() throws IOException {
Properties result = new Properties();
if (this.localOverride) {
// Load properties from file upfront, to let local properties override.
loadProperties(result);
}
if (this.localProperties != null) {
for (Properties localProp : this.localProperties) {
CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(localProp, result);
}
}
if (!this.localOverride) {
// Load properties from file afterwards, to let those properties override.
loadProperties(result);
}
return result;
}
第2行的方法new出一個Properties,名為result,這個result會隨著之后的代碼傳入,.properties文件中的數據會寫入result中。
OK,接著看,代碼進入第17行的方法,通過文件加載.properties文件:
protected void loadProperties(Properties props) throws IOException {
if (this.locations != null) {
for (Resource location : this.locations) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Loading properties file from " + location);
}
InputStream is = null;
try {
is = location.getInputStream();
String filename = null;
try {
filename = location.getFilename();
} catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// resource is not file-based. See SPR-7552.
}
if (filename != null && filename.endsWith(XML_FILE_EXTENSION)) {
this.propertiesPersister.loadFromXml(props, is);
}
else {
if (this.fileEncoding != null) {
this.propertiesPersister.load(props, new InputStreamReader(is, this.fileEncoding));
}
else {
this.propertiesPersister.load(props, is);
}
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
if (this.ignoreResourceNotFound) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Could not load properties from " + location + ": " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
else {
throw ex;
}
}
finally {
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
}
}
}
}
第9行,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer的配置可以傳入路徑列表(當然這里只傳了一個db.properties),第3行遍歷列表,第9行通過一個輸入字節流InputStream獲取.properties對應的二進制數據,然后第23行的代碼將InputStream中的二進制解析,寫入第一個參數Properties中,Properties是JDK原生的讀取.properties文件的工具。
就這樣一個簡單的流程,將.properties中的數據進行了解析,并寫入result中(result是mergeProperties方法中new出的一個Properties)。
占位符"${...}"替換源碼解析
上面看了.properties文件讀取流程,接著就應當替換"${}"占位符了,還是回到postProcessBeanFactory方法:
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
try {
Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();
// Convert the merged properties, if necessary.
convertProperties(mergedProps);
// Let the subclass process the properties.
processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);
}
}
第3行合并了.properties文件(之所以叫做合并是因為多個.properties文件中可能有相同的Key)。
第6行在必要的情況下對合并的Properties進行轉換,沒看出有什么用。
第9行就開始替換占位符"${...}"了,要事先聲明一點:BeanFactoryPostProcessor類的postProcessBeanFactory方法調用是在Bean定義解析之后,因此當前的beanFactory參數中已經有了所有的Bean定義,如果熟悉Bean解析流程的朋友對這一點應該很清楚。跟一下第9行的processProperties方法:
protected void processProperties(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactoryToProcess, Properties props)
throws BeansException {
StringValueResolver valueResolver = new PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver(props);
BeanDefinitionVisitor visitor = new BeanDefinitionVisitor(valueResolver);
String[] beanNames = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String curName : beanNames) {
// Check that we're not parsing our own bean definition,
// to avoid failing on unresolvable placeholders in properties file locations.
if (!(curName.equals(this.beanName) && beanFactoryToProcess.equals(this.beanFactory))) {
BeanDefinition bd = beanFactoryToProcess.getBeanDefinition(curName);
try {
visitor.visitBeanDefinition(bd);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), curName, ex.getMessage());
}
}
}
// New in Spring 2.5: resolve placeholders in alias target names and aliases as well.
beanFactoryToProcess.resolveAliases(valueResolver);
// New in Spring 3.0: resolve placeholders in embedded values such as annotation attributes.
beanFactoryToProcess.addEmbeddedValueResolver(valueResolver);
}
第4行new出一個PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,傳入Properties,顧名思義這是一個持有.properties文件配置的字符串值解析器。
第5行BeanDefinitionVistor,傳入上面的StringValueResolver,顧名思義這是一個Bean定義訪問工具,持有字符串值解析器,想見可以通過BeanDefinitionVistor訪問Bean定義,在遇到需要解析的字符串的時候使用構造函數傳入的StringValueResolver解析字符串。
第7行通過BeanFactory獲取所有Bean定義的名稱。
第8行開始遍歷所有Bean定義的名稱,注意第11行的第一個判斷"!(curName.equals(this.beanName)" ,this.beanName指的是PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,意為PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer本身不會去解析占位符"${...}"。
著重跟14行的代碼,BeanDefinitionVistor的visitBeanDefinition方法,傳入BeanDefinition:
public void visitBeanDefinition(BeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
visitParentName(beanDefinition);
visitBeanClassName(beanDefinition);
visitFactoryBeanName(beanDefinition);
visitFactoryMethodName(beanDefinition);
visitScope(beanDefinition);
visitPropertyValues(beanDefinition.getPropertyValues());
ConstructorArgumentValues cas = beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues();
visitIndexedArgumentValues(cas.getIndexedArgumentValues());
visitGenericArgumentValues(cas.getGenericArgumentValues());
}
看到這個方法輪番訪問<bean>定義中的parent、class、factory-bean、factory-method、scope、property、constructor-arg屬性,但凡遇到需要"${...}"就進行解析。我們這里解析的是property標簽中的"${...}",因此跟一下第7行的代碼:
protected void visitPropertyValues(MutablePropertyValues pvs) {
PropertyValue[] pvArray = pvs.getPropertyValues();
for (PropertyValue pv : pvArray) {
Object newVal = resolveValue(pv.getValue());
if (!ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(newVal, pv.getValue())) {
pvs.add(pv.getName(), newVal);
}
}
}
獲取屬性數組進行遍歷,第4行的代碼對屬性值進行解析獲取新屬性值,第5行判斷新屬性值與原屬性值不等,第6行的代碼用新屬性值替換原屬性值。因此跟一下第4行的resolveValue方法:
protected Object resolveValue(Object value) {
if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) {
visitBeanDefinition((BeanDefinition) value);
}
else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) {
visitBeanDefinition(((BeanDefinitionHolder) value).getBeanDefinition());
}
else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {
RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;
String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName());
if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) {
return new RuntimeBeanReference(newBeanName);
}
}
else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) {
RuntimeBeanNameReference ref = (RuntimeBeanNameReference) value;
String newBeanName = resolveStringValue(ref.getBeanName());
if (!newBeanName.equals(ref.getBeanName())) {
return new RuntimeBeanNameReference(newBeanName);
}
}
else if (value instanceof Object[]) {
visitArray((Object[]) value);
}
else if (value instanceof List) {
visitList((List) value);
}
else if (value instanceof Set) {
visitSet((Set) value);
}
else if (value instanceof Map) {
visitMap((Map) value);
}
else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) {
TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value;
String stringValue = typedStringValue.getValue();
if (stringValue != null) {
String visitedString = resolveStringValue(stringValue);
typedStringValue.setValue(visitedString);
}
}
else if (value instanceof String) {
return resolveStringValue((String) value);
}
return value;
}
這里主要對value類型做一個判斷,我們配置文件里面配置的是字符串,因此就看字符串相關代碼,即34行的判斷進去,其余的差不多,可以自己看一下源碼是怎么做的。第35~第36行的代碼就是獲取屬性值,第38行的代碼resolveStringValue方法解析字符串:
protected String resolveStringValue(String strVal) {
if (this.valueResolver == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No StringValueResolver specified - pass a resolver " +
"object into the constructor or override the 'resolveStringValue' method");
}
String resolvedValue = this.valueResolver.resolveStringValue(strVal);
// Return original String if not modified.
return (strVal.equals(resolvedValue) ? strVal : resolvedValue);
}
繼續跟第6行的方法,valueResolver前面說過了,是傳入的一個PlaceholderResolvingStringValueResolver,看一下resolveStringValue方法實現:
public String resolveStringValue(String strVal) throws BeansException {
String value = this.helper.replacePlaceholders(strVal, this.resolver);
return (value.equals(nullValue) ? null : value);
}
第2行的replacePlaceholders方法顧名思義,替換占位符,它位于PropertyPlaceholderHelper類中,跟一下這個方法:
public String replacePlaceholders(String value, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver) {
Assert.notNull(value, "Argument 'value' must not be null.");
return parseStringValue(value, placeholderResolver, new HashSet<String>());
}
繼續跟第3行的parseStringValue方法,即追蹤到了替換占位符的核心代碼中:
protected String parseStringValue(
String strVal, PlaceholderResolver placeholderResolver, Set<String> visitedPlaceholders) {
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strVal);
int startIndex = strVal.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix);
while (startIndex != -1) {
int endIndex = findPlaceholderEndIndex(buf, startIndex);
if (endIndex != -1) {
String placeholder = buf.substring(startIndex + this.placeholderPrefix.length(), endIndex);
if (!visitedPlaceholders.add(placeholder)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Circular placeholder reference '" + placeholder + "' in property definitions");
}
// Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the placeholder key.
placeholder = parseStringValue(placeholder, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);
// Now obtain the value for the fully resolved key...
String propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(placeholder);
if (propVal == null && this.valueSeparator != null) {
int separatorIndex = placeholder.indexOf(this.valueSeparator);
if (separatorIndex != -1) {
String actualPlaceholder = placeholder.substring(0, separatorIndex);
String defaultValue = placeholder.substring(separatorIndex + this.valueSeparator.length());
propVal = placeholderResolver.resolvePlaceholder(actualPlaceholder);
if (propVal == null) {
propVal = defaultValue;
}
}
}
if (propVal != null) {
// Recursive invocation, parsing placeholders contained in the
// previously resolved placeholder value.
propVal = parseStringValue(propVal, placeholderResolver, visitedPlaceholders);
buf.replace(startIndex, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length(), propVal);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Resolved placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");
}
startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, startIndex + propVal.length());
}
else if (this.ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders) {
// Proceed with unprocessed value.
startIndex = buf.indexOf(this.placeholderPrefix, endIndex + this.placeholderSuffix.length());
}
else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Could not resolve placeholder '" + placeholder + "'");
}
visitedPlaceholders.remove(placeholder);
}
else {
startIndex = -1;
}
}
return buf.toString();
}
過一下此流程:
流程很長,通過這樣一整個的流程,將占位符"${...}"中的內容替換為了我們需要的值。
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望本文的內容對大家的學習或者工作能帶來一定的幫助,同時也希望多多支持億速云!
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