深入理解Django-Signals信號量

# django.core.signals.py

from django.dispatch import Signal

request_started = Signal(providing_args=["environ"])
request_finished = Signal()
got_request_exception = Signal(providing_args=["request"])
setting_changed = Signal(providing_args=["setting", "value", "enter"])

class Signal(object):
  def __init__(self, providing_args=None, use_caching=False):
    self.receivers = []
    if providing_args is None:
      providing_args = []
    self.providing_args = set(providing_args)
    self.lock = threading.Lock()
    self.use_caching = use_caching
    # For convenience we create empty caches even if they are not used.
    # A note about caching: if use_caching is defined, then for each
    # distinct sender we cache the receivers that sender has in
    # 'sender_receivers_cache'. The cache is cleaned when .connect() or
    # .disconnect() is called and populated on send().
    self.sender_receivers_cache = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary() if use_caching else {}
    self._dead_receivers = False

# django.db.__init__.py

from django.core import signals
from django.db.utils import ConnectionHandler

connections = ConnectionHandler()


def reset_queries(**kwargs):
  for conn in connections.all():
    conn.queries_log.clear()
signals.request_started.connect(reset_queries)


def close_old_connections(**kwargs):
  for conn in connections.all():
    conn.close_if_unusable_or_obsolete()
signals.request_started.connect(close_old_connections)
signals.request_finished.connect(close_old_connections)

class Signal(object):

  ...
  
  def connect(self, receiver, sender=None, weak=True, dispatch_uid=None):
    from django.conf import settings

    # If DEBUG is on, check that we got a good receiver
    if settings.configured and settings.DEBUG:
      assert callable(receiver), "Signal receivers must be callable."

      # Check for **kwargs
      if not func_accepts_kwargs(receiver):
        raise ValueError("Signal receivers must accept keyword arguments (**kwargs).")

    if dispatch_uid:
      lookup_key = (dispatch_uid, _make_id(sender))
    else:
      lookup_key = (_make_id(receiver), _make_id(sender))

    if weak:
      ref = weakref.ref
      receiver_object = receiver
      # Check for bound methods
      if hasattr(receiver, '__self__') and hasattr(receiver, '__func__'):
        ref = WeakMethod
        receiver_object = receiver.__self__
      if six.PY3:
        receiver = ref(receiver)
        weakref.finalize(receiver_object, self._remove_receiver)
      else:
        receiver = ref(receiver, self._remove_receiver)

    with self.lock:
      self._clear_dead_receivers()
      for r_key, _ in self.receivers:
        if r_key == lookup_key:
          break
      else:
        self.receivers.append((lookup_key, receiver))
      self.sender_receivers_cache.clear()

# django.core.handlers.wsgi.py

from threading import Lock

from django.core import signals
from django.core.handlers import base

 

class WSGIHandler(base.BaseHandler):

  ...

  def __call__(self, environ, start_response):

    ...
    
    signals.request_started.send(sender=self.__class__, environ=environ)
    
    ...

from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()


# post_save:上面七大方法之一：在模型保存之后的操作
# sender: 發出信號的model
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user(sender, instance=None, created=False, **kwargs):
  """
  sender:模型類。
  instance:保存的實際實例。
  created:如果創建了新記錄True。
  update_fields:Model.save()要更新的字段集，如果沒有傳遞則為None
  """
  if created:
    password = instance.password
    # instance相當于user
    instance.set_password(password)
    instance.save()

from django.apps import AppConfig


class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
  name = 'users'
  verbose_name = '用戶管理'

  def ready(self):
  """使用ready加載,否則不生效"""
    import users.signals