前言
Vue3.x 即將來襲,使用 TypeScirpt 重構,TypeScript 將成為 vue 社區的標配,出于一名程序員的焦慮,決定現在 Vue2.6.x 踩一波坑。
vue 官方文檔已經簡略地對 typescript 的支持進行了介紹,我們使用 Vue Cli3 直接生成項目
創建項目
❓為什么使用 Vue Cli3 構建項目
官方維護,后續升級減少兼容性問題
使用以下配置進行項目的生成:
╭─~/otherEWokspace ╰─➤ vue create ts-vuex-demo Vue CLI v3.6.3 ┌───────────────────────────┐ │ Update available: 3.9.3 │ └───────────────────────────┘ ? Please pick a preset: Manually select features ? Check the features needed for your project: Babel, TS, Router, Vuex, CSS P re-processors, Linter, Unit ? Use class-style component syntax? Yes ? Use Babel alongside TypeScript for auto-detected polyfills? Yes ? Use history mode for router? (Requires proper server setup for index fallb ack in production) Yes ? Pick a CSS pre-processor (PostCSS, Autoprefixer and CSS Modules are suppor ted by default): Sass/SCSS (with node-sass) ? Pick a linter / formatter config: TSLint ? Pick additional lint features: (Press <space> to select, <a> to toggle all , <i> to invert selection)Lint on save ? Pick a unit testing solution: Jest ? Where do you prefer placing config for Babel, PostCSS, ESLint, etc.? In de dicated config files ? Save this as a preset for future projects? Yes ? Save preset as: ts-vue-demo
看一下新項目的層級目錄
╭─~/otherEWokspace/ts-vuex-demo ‹master› ╰─➤ tree -L 2 -I node_modules . ├── README.md ├── babel.config.js ├── jest.config.js ├── package-lock.json ├── package.json ├── postcss.config.js ├── public │ ├── favicon.ico │ └── index.html ├── src │ ├── App.vue │ ├── assets │ ├── components │ ├── main.ts │ ├── router.ts │ ├── shims-tsx.d.ts │ ├── shims-vue.d.ts │ ├── store.ts │ └── views ├── tests │ └── unit ├── tsconfig.json └── tslint.json
tsconfig.json
對 lib 、 target 、 module 進行解釋
{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "esnext",
"module": "esnext",
"strict": true,
"jsx": "preserve", // 開啟對 jsx 的支持
"importHelpers": true,
"moduleResolution": "node",
"experimentalDecorators": true,
"esModuleInterop": true,
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
"sourceMap": true,
"baseUrl": ".",
"types": [
"webpack-env",
"jest"
],
"paths": {
"@/*": [
"src/*"
]
},
"lib": [
"esnext",
"dom",
"dom.iterable",
"scripthost"
]
},
"include": [
"src/**/*.ts",
"src/**/*.tsx",
"src/**/*.vue",
"tests/**/*.ts",
"tests/**/*.tsx"
],
"exclude": [
"node_modules"
]
}
我們來看一下示例:
// index.ts
export const Greeter = (name: string) => `Hello ${name}`;
"module": "commonjs", "target": "es5"
// index.js
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
exports.Greeter = function (name) { return "Hello " + name; };
"module": "es2015", "target": "es5"
// index.js
export var Greeter = function (name) { return "Hello " + name; };
"module": "es2015", "target": "es6"
// index.js
export const Greeter = (name) => `Hello ${name}`;
"module": "commonjs", "target": "es6"
// index.js
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
exports.Greeter = (name) => `Hello ${name}`;
如果lib沒有指定默認注入的庫的列表。默認注入的庫為:
tslint
類似于 eslint ,對 ts 代碼進行檢測。
vscode 需要安裝tslint 插件 ,并在 vscode 的用戶配置中加入以下配置,用來在保存時自動解決 ts 的錯誤。
// settings.json
"editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
"source.fixAll.tsLint": true
}
❗️ vue cli3 已經安裝了tslint依賴
使用prettier 插件,對項目進行代碼風格的統一和規范
npm i tslint-config-prettier -D
添加 tslint.json extends 字段如下:
"extends": ["tslint:recommended", "tslint-config-prettier"]
設置 vscode
也可以使用 shift + option + f 進行格式化
在根目錄下添加 .prttierrc 文件 (應對 prittier 格式化 vue 文件中的 ts 文件時,沒辦法使用 tslint 規則進行格式化,需要對它單獨處理,以免 tslint 報錯)
{ "singleQuote": true }
shims-vue.d.ts
declare module "*.vue" {
import Vue from "vue";
export default Vue;
}
聲明所有以 .vue 結尾的文件,默認導入 vue ,默認導出 Vue,用以在項目中ts文件識別 .vue 結尾文件。
在 main.ts 中,引入一個 vue 組件必須以 .vue 結尾。
import Vue from 'vue';
import App from './App.vue';
import router from './router';
import store from './store';
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
new Vue({
router,
store,
render: (h) => h(App),
}).$mount('#app');
Vue class
vue-property-decorator
寫一個 todolist 組件順便來介紹 vue-property-decorator,為了方便頁面構建,使用 element-ui
element-ui 使用 ts 開發,默認有 .d.ts 的聲明文件
npm i element-ui
// main.ts import ElementUI from 'element-ui'; import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'; Vue.use(ElementUI);
在 /src/compenents/ 新建 todoList.vue , 代碼如下:
<template>
<div class="todo_list">
<el-card class="box-card">
<div slot="header">
<el-row :gutter="18">
<el-col :span="18">
<el-input
v-model="todo"
placeholder="請輸入內容"
></el-input>
</el-col>
<el-col :span="2">
<el-button
type="primary"
icon="el-icon-circle-plus-outline"
@click="addItem"
>add</el-button>
</el-col>
</el-row>
</div>
<div
v-for="(item,index) in todoList"
:key="item"
class="text item"
@click="removeItem(index)"
>{{ item }}</div>
</el-card>
<label
class="text"
>{{todoLength}} records</label>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Emit } from 'vue-property-decorator';
@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Vue {
public todo: string = '';
@Prop({ default: [] }) private readonly todoList!: string[];
get todoLength(): number {
return this.todoList.length;
}
@Emit()
private addItem(): string | undefined {
if (this.todo) {
return this.todo;
}
}
@Emit('removeItem')
private removeItem(index: number): number {
return index;
}
}
</script>
<!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped lang="scss">
.todo_list {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
.box-card {
width: 480px;
}
.text {
font-size: 14px;
text-align: left;
}
.item {
margin-bottom: 18px;
}
}
</style>
對 ts 代碼的用法指出以下幾點:
改造 Home.vue 如下:
<template>
<div class="home">
<todoList
:todoList="[]"
@add-item="addTodoList"
@removeItem="addTodoLisItem"
/>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import todoList from '@/components/todoList.vue'; // @ is an alias to /src
import { State, Getter, Action } from 'vuex-class';
@Component({
components: {
todoList
}
})
export default class Home extends Vue {
public addTodoList(val: string) {
console.log(val);
}
private created() {
console.log('i add life cycle funciton -- created');
}
private addTodoLisItem(index: number) {
console.log(index);
}
}
</script>
Vuex
有關 ts 中的 vuex 的寫法要從vuex-class 說起,在 官方的 vue-property-decorator 中也推薦使用該庫。
npm i vuex-class
在 src 文件夾中新建 store 文件夾, 在 store 新建 index.ts,todoList.ts
// index.ts
import Vue from 'vue';
import Vuex from 'vuex';
import todolist from './todoList';
Vue.use(Vuex);
export default new Vuex.Store({
modules: { todolist }
});
// todoList.ts
import { Commit, Dispatch, GetterTree, ActionTree, MutationTree } from 'vuex';
const ADD_TODOLIST = 'ADD_TODOLIST';
const REMOVE_ITEM = 'REMOVE_ITEM';
export interface RootState {
version: string;
}
interface Payload {
[propName: string]: any;
}
interface TodoListType {
todoList: string[];
}
interface Context {
commit: Commit;
dispatch: Dispatch;
}
const dataSource: TodoListType = {
todoList: []
};
const getters: GetterTree<TodoListType, RootState> = {
getTodoList(state: TodoListType): string[] {
return state.todoList;
}
};
const mutations: MutationTree<TodoListType> = {
ADD_TODOLIST: (state: TodoListType, item: string) => {
console.log(item);
state.todoList.push(item);
},
REMOVE_ITEM: (state: TodoListType, removeIndex: number) => {
state.todoList = state.todoList.filter((item: string, index: number) => {
return removeIndex !== index;
});
}
};
const actions: ActionTree<TodoListType, RootState> = {
addList: async ({ commit }: Context, item: string) => {
await Promise.resolve(
setTimeout(() => {
commit(ADD_TODOLIST, item);
}, 100)
);
},
removeItem: async ({ commit }: Context, { index }: Payload) => {
await Promise.resolve(
setTimeout(() => {
commit(REMOVE_ITEM, index);
}, 100)
);
}
};
export default {
namespaced: true,
state: dataSource,
getters,
mutations,
actions
};
刪除原來與 main.ts 同級的 store.ts
對 todoList.ts 需要注意以下幾點:
interface Payload {
[propName: string]: any;
}
代碼中的 dataSource 本意為 state ,但是不能用 state 命名,tslint 會和形參 state 沖突
改造 /views/Home.vue 如下:
<template>
<div class="home">
<todoList
:todoList="todoList"
@add-item="addTodoList"
@removeItem="addTodoLisItem"
/>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator';
import todoList from '@/components/todoList.vue'; // @ is an alias to /src
import { State, Getter, Action } from 'vuex-class';
@Component({
components: {
todoList
}
})
export default class Home extends Vue {
@State(state => state.todolist.todoList) private todoList!: string[];
@Action('todolist/addList') private addList!: (val: string) => void;
@Action('todolist/removeItem') private removeItem!: (index: number) => void;
public addTodoList(val: string) {
console.log(val);
this.addList(val);
}
private created() {
console.log('i add life cycle funciton -- created');
}
private addTodoLisItem(index: number) {
this.removeItem(index);
}
}
</script>
有關 vuex-class 的調用有以下幾點注意
所有的代碼到此為止,使用 npm run serve 即可查看應用,保留原有 routes 文件,保持應用的健壯性。
寫在最后
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持億速云。
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