今天閑著沒事干，以前做過html+js版的數獨，這次做個python版本的，界面由pygame完成，數獨生成由遞歸算法實現，由shuffle保證每次游戲都是不一樣的情況，have fun；
功能列表：
游戲界面
初始界面
過程中界面
運行方式
python main.py 15
這里的15表示需要填入的空格數量為15，理論上這個值越大，難度就越高，大家可以隨機調整，或者設置容易、簡單、困難、地獄等對應不同的值即可，很方便修改；
程序分析
界面部分
這部分很簡單的通過pygame來實現，主要使用了其中的主循環、鼠標鍵盤監聽、畫矩形線條、字體、顏色控制等，理解起來很容易，對于這部分不太熟悉的同學，這樣理解就好： pygame的主循環中一方面負責接收用戶輸入，一般就是鼠標和鍵盤，另一方面負責實時更新界面顯示內容 ；
對于界面上各部分內容的繪制的函數封裝
# 繪制背景部分，這里就是9*9的九宮格
def draw_background():
# white background
screen.fill(COLORS['white'])
# draw game board
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(300,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(600,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,900,300),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,300,900,300),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,600,900,300),5)
# 將用戶選中的各自背景改為藍色塊表示選中
def draw_choose():
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['blue'],(cur_j*100+5,cur_i*100+5,100-10,100-10),0)
# 繪制九宮格中的數字，包括本來就有的，以及用戶填入的，本來就在的用灰色，用戶填入的如何合法則為綠色，否則為紅色，是一種提示
def draw_number():
for i in range(len(MATRIX)):
for j in range(len(MATRIX[0])):
_color = check_color(MATRIX,i,j) if (i,j) in BLANK_IJ else COLORS['gray']
txt = font80.render(str(MATRIX[i][j] if MATRIX[i][j] not in [0,'0'] else ''),True,_color)
x,y = j*100+30,i*100+10
screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
# 繪制最下方的當前空格子數量以及用戶的操作數量
def draw_context():
txt = font100.render('Blank:'+str(cur_blank_size)+' Change:'+str(cur_change_size),True,COLORS['black'])
x,y = 10,900
screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
主循環中對上述函數的調用以及鼠標鍵盤事件處理
# 主循環，負責監聽鼠標鍵盤時間，以及刷新界面內容，以及檢查是否贏得了游戲
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
break
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
cur_j,cur_i = int(event.pos[0]/100),int(event.pos[1]/100)
elif event.type == event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if chr(event.key) in ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] and (cur_i,cur_j) in BLANK_IJ:
MATRIX[cur_i][cur_j] = int(chr(event.key))
cur_blank_size = sum([1 if col==0 or col=='0' else 0 for row in MATRIX for col in row])
cur_change_size +=1
# background
draw_background()
# choose item
draw_choose()
# numbers
draw_number()
# point
draw_context()
# flip
pygame.display.flip()
# check win or not
if check_win(MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX):
print('You win, smarty ass!!!')
break
pygame.quit()
生成表示數獨的二維數組
相對于界面部分，這部分在邏輯上要難一些，思路以遞歸為核心，輔以隨機性，得到一個每次生成都不一致的數獨游戲，生成思路簡單描述如下：
生成過程代碼
遞歸的一個優勢是通常代碼都很短，當然閱讀性不強，歡迎大佬們改為循環；
def shuffle_number(_list):
random.shuffle(_list)
return _list
def check(matrix,i,j,number):
if number in matrix[i]:
return False
if number in [row[j] for row in matrix]:
return False
group_i,group_j = int(i/3),int(j/3)
if number in [matrix[i][j] for i in range(group_i*3,(group_i+1)*3) for j in range(group_j*3,(group_j+1)*3)]:
return False
return True
def build_game(matrix,i,j,number):
if i>8 or j>8:
return matrix
if check(matrix,i,j,number):
_matrix = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix]
_matrix[i][j] = number
next_i,next_j = (i+1,0) if j==8 else (i,j+1)
for _number in shuffle_number(number_list):
__matrix = build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number)
if __matrix and sum([sum(row) for row in __matrix])==(sum(range(1,10))*9):
return __matrix
return None
隨機覆蓋數獨數組中的N個位置
def give_me_a_game(blank_size=9):
matrix_all = build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list))
set_ij = set()
while len(list(set_ij))<blank_size:
set_ij.add(str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))+','+str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])))
matrix_blank = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix_all]
blank_ij = []
for ij in list(set_ij):
i,j = int(ij.split(',')[0]),int(ij.split(',')[1])
blank_ij.append((i,j))
matrix_blank[i][j] = 0
return matrix_all,matrix_blank,blank_ij
最后附上全部代碼
大家也可以直接從我的 Github倉庫 fork下來直接運行；
main.py：主流程+界面+執行
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.color import THECOLORS as COLORS
from build import print_matrix,give_me_a_game,check
def draw_background():
# white background
screen.fill(COLORS['white'])
# draw game board
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(300,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(600,0,300,900),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,0,900,300),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,300,900,300),5)
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['black'],(0,600,900,300),5)
def draw_choose():
pygame.draw.rect(screen,COLORS['blue'],(cur_j*100+5,cur_i*100+5,100-10,100-10),0)
def check_win(matrix_all,matrix):
if matrix_all == matrix:
return True
return False
def check_color(matrix,i,j):
_matrix = [[col for col in row]for row in matrix]
_matrix[i][j] = 0
if check(_matrix,i,j,matrix[i][j]):
return COLORS['green']
return COLORS['red']
def draw_number():
for i in range(len(MATRIX)):
for j in range(len(MATRIX[0])):
_color = check_color(MATRIX,i,j) if (i,j) in BLANK_IJ else COLORS['gray']
txt = font80.render(str(MATRIX[i][j] if MATRIX[i][j] not in [0,'0'] else ''),True,_color)
x,y = j*100+30,i*100+10
screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
def draw_context():
txt = font100.render('Blank:'+str(cur_blank_size)+' Change:'+str(cur_change_size),True,COLORS['black'])
x,y = 10,900
screen.blit(txt,(x,y))
if __name__ == "__main__":
# init pygame
pygame.init()
# contant
SIZE = [900,1000]
font80 = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 80)
font100 = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 90)
# create screen 500*500
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
# variable parameter
cur_i, cur_j = 0,0
cur_blank_size = int(sys.argv[1])
cur_change_size = 0
# matrix abount
MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX,BLANK_IJ = give_me_a_game(blank_size=cur_blank_size)
print(BLANK_IJ)
print_matrix(MATRIX)
# main loop
running = True
while running:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
break
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
cur_j,cur_i = int(event.pos[0]/100),int(event.pos[1]/100)
elif event.type == event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if chr(event.key) in ['1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'] and (cur_i,cur_j) in BLANK_IJ:
MATRIX[cur_i][cur_j] = int(chr(event.key))
cur_blank_size = sum([1 if col==0 or col=='0' else 0 for row in MATRIX for col in row])
cur_change_size +=1
# background
draw_background()
# choose item
draw_choose()
# numbers
draw_number()
# point
draw_context()
# flip
pygame.display.flip()
# check win or not
if check_win(MATRIX_ANSWER,MATRIX):
print('You win, smarty ass!!!')
break
pygame.quit()
build.py：生成數獨數組部分
import random
def print_matrix(matrix):
print('—'*19)
for row in matrix:
print('|'+' '.join([str(col) for col in row])+'|')
print('—'*19)
def shuffle_number(_list):
random.shuffle(_list)
return _list
def check(matrix,i,j,number):
if number in matrix[i]:
return False
if number in [row[j] for row in matrix]:
return False
group_i,group_j = int(i/3),int(j/3)
if number in [matrix[i][j] for i in range(group_i*3,(group_i+1)*3) for j in range(group_j*3,(group_j+1)*3)]:
return False
return True
def build_game(matrix,i,j,number):
if i>8 or j>8:
return matrix
if check(matrix,i,j,number):
_matrix = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix]
_matrix[i][j] = number
next_i,next_j = (i+1,0) if j==8 else (i,j+1)
for _number in shuffle_number(number_list):
#_matrixs.append(build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number))
__matrix = build_game(_matrix,next_i,next_j,_number)
if __matrix and sum([sum(row) for row in __matrix])==(sum(range(1,10))*9):
return __matrix
#return _matrixs
return None
def give_me_a_game(blank_size=9):
matrix_all = build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list))
set_ij = set()
while len(list(set_ij))<blank_size:
set_ij.add(str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]))+','+str(random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])))
matrix_blank = [[col for col in row] for row in matrix_all]
blank_ij = []
for ij in list(set_ij):
i,j = int(ij.split(',')[0]),int(ij.split(',')[1])
blank_ij.append((i,j))
matrix_blank[i][j] = 0
return matrix_all,matrix_blank,blank_ij
number_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
matrix = [([0]*9) for i in range(9)]
if __name__ == "__main__":
print_matrix(build_game(matrix,0,0,random.choice(number_list)))
總結
如果刻意減少代碼的話，實際應該控制在100行以內，這也充分表達了python的強大，確實可以在很短的時間內完成一些看似復雜的工作，這個例子供一些同學上手python個人覺得還是不錯的，沒有太復雜的用法，對界面開發有一點點了解，對遞歸有一些理解基本就能完全掌握這份代碼，希望大家玩的開心，挑戰一下50個空格唄，哈哈，反正我沒通過，太難了。。。。
最后
大家可以到我的Github上看看有沒有其他需要的東西，目前主要是自己做的機器學習項目、Python各種腳本工具、有意思的小項目以及Follow的大佬、Fork的項目等：
https://github.com/NemoHoHaloAi
到此這篇關于150行Python代碼實現帶界面的數獨游戲的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Python 數獨游戲內容請搜索億速云以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持億速云！
作者:Ho Loong
Github:https://github.com/NemoHoHaloAi
Kaggle:https://www.kaggle.com/holoong9291
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