CentOS GCC調試工具有哪些

1. GDB (GNU Debugger)
GDB is the most fundamental and widely used command-line debugger for GCC-compiled programs in CentOS. It enables developers to start or attach to programs, set breakpoints (by line number, function, or condition), control execution (run, step into/over functions, continue), inspect variables (print values, examine memory), and analyze crashes (backtrace call stacks). Compilation with the -g flag (e.g., gcc -g program.c -o program) is required to include debugging symbols, which GDB uses to map machine code to source code. GDB supports advanced features like watchpoints (trigger when a variable changes), reverse debugging (step backward through execution), and custom scripts (using Python or Guile).

2. Valgrind
Valgrind is a suite of tools for detecting memory-related issues (leaks, invalid access, uninitialized values) and profiling program performance. The most commonly used tool is memcheck, which identifies memory leaks (e.g., forgotten free calls) and illegal memory operations (e.g., accessing freed memory). To use Valgrind, run the program with valgrind --leak-check=full ./program; it will output detailed reports about memory errors, including the location in the source code (if compiled with -g). Valgrind is essential for troubleshooting memory corruption issues in GCC-compiled programs.

3. strace
strace traces system calls (e.g., file I/O, process creation, network communication) and signals made by a program. It helps diagnose issues related to I/O operations (e.g., “file not found”), permissions (e.g., “permission denied”), and process interactions (e.g., “fork failed”). The basic usage is strace ./program, which logs all system calls to the terminal. For more targeted debugging, you can filter specific system calls (e.g., strace -e trace=open,read ./program to track file opening and reading). strace is particularly useful for understanding how a program interacts with the operating system.

4. ltrace
ltrace traces library function calls (e.g., printf, malloc, strcpy) made by a program linked to shared libraries. It helps identify issues like incorrect function arguments, missing library dependencies, or unexpected behavior in library calls. Usage is similar to strace: ltrace ./program. For example, ltrace ./program | grep malloc filters all malloc calls to check memory allocation patterns. ltrace is useful for debugging issues in dynamically linked programs.

5. DDD (Data Display Debugger)
DDD is a graphical front-end for command-line debuggers like GDB, providing a visual interface for debugging. It displays source code, variables, and call stacks in a user-friendly way, making it easier to navigate complex programs. To use DDD, install it with sudo yum install ddd and start it with ddd ./program. DDD supports features like setting breakpoints, stepping through code, inspecting variables (with a GUI), and viewing memory. It is ideal for developers who prefer a graphical interface over command-line tools.

6. Visual Studio Code (VSCode)
VSCode is a lightweight, extensible code editor that supports debugging GCC-compiled programs via extensions (e.g., “C/C++” by Microsoft). After installing the extension, you configure a launch.json file to specify the program path, compilation flags (e.g., -g), and debugging settings (e.g., breakpoints, arguments). VSCode provides a graphical interface for setting breakpoints, stepping through code, inspecting variables (with hover tooltips), and viewing the call stack. It integrates well with version control systems (e.g., Git) and supports remote development (e.g., debugging on a CentOS server from a local machine).

7. LLDB
LLDB is a modern, high-performance debugger from the LLVM project, designed to replace GDB in many scenarios. It supports debugging C, C++, and other languages compiled with GCC or Clang. LLDB offers features like breakpoints (by line/function), stepping (into/over/out of functions), variable inspection (print, watch), and memory analysis. On CentOS, LLDB can be installed via the LLVM Toolset (e.g., sudo yum install llvm-toolset-11-lldb for CentOS 7/8). While it has a steeper learning curve than GDB, LLDB is known for its speed and flexibility, especially for debugging large projects.

8. GCC Sanitizers
GCC provides built-in sanitizers (runtime tools) to detect various bugs, including:

• AddressSanitizer (ASan): Detects memory leaks, buffer overflows, and use-after-free errors. Compile with -fsanitize=address -g (e.g., gcc -fsanitize=address -g program.c -o program).
• UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (UBSan): Detects undefined behavior (e.g., integer overflow, null pointer dereference). Compile with -fsanitize=undefined -g.
• ThreadSanitizer (TSan): Detects data races in multi-threaded programs. Compile with -fsanitize=thread -g.

Sanitizers provide detailed reports about bugs, including the location in the source code and the root cause. They are highly effective for catching subtle bugs early in development.