Golang如何在Linux上進行網絡編程

在Linux上進行Golang網絡編程，你需要了解Go語言的基本網絡庫net。這個庫提供了一系列用于實現TCP、UDP、UNIX域套接字等網絡功能的接口。下面是一些基本的網絡編程示例：

1. TCP服務器：

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error listening:", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	defer listener.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on :8080")

	for {
		conn, err := listener.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error accepting connection:", err)
			continue
		}

		go handleConnection(conn)
	}
}

func handleConnection(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()

	reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
	for {
		message, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading:", err)
			return
		}

		fmt.Print("Received message: ", message)
		conn.Write([]byte("Message received\n"))
	}
}

2. TCP客戶端：

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error connecting:", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	go func() {
		reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
		for {
			message, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Println("Error reading:", err)
				return
			}

			fmt.Print("Received message: ", message)
		}
	}()

	reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	for {
		fmt.Print("Enter message: ")
		message, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')

		_, err := conn.Write([]byte(message))
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error sending message:", err)
			return
		}
	}
}

3. UDP服務器：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error resolving UDP address:", err)
		return
	}

	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", address)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error listening on UDP:", err)
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	fmt.Println("Listening on :8080")

	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		n, addr, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error reading from UDP:", err)
			continue
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received message from %s: %s\n", addr.String(), string(buffer[:n]))
		conn.WriteToUDP([]byte("Message received\n"), addr)
	}
}

4. UDP客戶端：

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	address, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "localhost:8080")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error resolving UDP address:", err)
		return
	}

	conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, address)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println("Error dialing UDP:", err)
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	go func() {
		buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
		for {
			n, _, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Println("Error reading from UDP:", err)
				return
			}

			fmt.Printf("Received message: %s\n", string(buffer[:n]))
		}
	}()

	reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
	for {
		fmt.Print("Enter message: ")
		message, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')

		_, err := conn.Write([]byte(message))
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("Error sending message:", err)
			return
		}
	}
}

這些示例展示了如何在Linux上使用Golang進行基本的網絡編程。你可以根據自己的需求修改和擴展這些示例。