python playwright爬蟲如何進行反爬蟲策略

在Python Playwright中實現反爬蟲策略，可以通過以下幾種方法：

1. 設置User-Agent：為了模擬正常用戶的瀏覽行為，可以在請求頭中設置不同的User-Agent。這可以降低被目標網站識別為爬蟲的風險。

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch()
    context = browser.new_context(user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.131 Safari/537.36")
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")

2. 使用代理IP：通過使用代理IP，可以隱藏爬蟲的真實IP地址，降低被封禁的風險。

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch(proxy={"server": "http://your_proxy_ip:port"})
    context = browser.new_context()
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto("https://example.com")

3. 設置請求間隔：為了避免在短時間內發送大量請求，可以設置請求之間的間隔時間。

import time
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch()
    context = browser.new_context()
    page = context.new_page()
    
    for url in urls:
        page.goto(url)
        time.sleep(5)  # 設置5秒的請求間隔

4. 使用驗證碼識別：如果目標網站使用了驗證碼，可以使用第三方驗證碼識別服務（如2Captcha）來識別并輸入驗證碼。

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
import requests

def solve_captcha(image_url):
    response = requests.post("https://2captcha.com/in.php", data={
        "key": "your_2captcha_api_key",
        "method": "base64",
        "body": image_url,
        "json": 1
    })
    return response.text

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch()
    context = browser.new_context()
    page = context.new_page()
    
    for url in urls:
        page.goto(url)
        
        if "captcha" in page.content():
            captcha_image_url = page.$(".captcha img").get_attribute("src")
            captcha_text = solve_captcha(captcha_image_url)
            page.type("#captcha_input", captcha_text)
            page.click("#captcha_submit")

5. 模擬登錄：如果目標網站需要登錄才能訪問某些頁面，可以使用Playwright的page.goto()方法模擬登錄過程。

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch()
    context = browser.new_context()
    
    # 登錄第一個頁面
    page1 = context.new_page()
    page1.goto("https://example.com/login")
    page1.type("#username", "your_username")
    page1.type("#password", "your_password")
    page1.click("#login_button")
    page1.wait_for_navigation({"url": "https://example.com/dashboard"})
    
    # 登錄第二個頁面
    page2 = context.new_page()
    page2.goto("https://example.com/dashboard")
    # 在這里進行其他操作

通過結合這些策略，可以有效地降低被目標網站識別為爬蟲的風險。