Linux服務器上Laravel如何實現負載均衡

在Linux服務器上使用Laravel實現負載均衡，通常涉及以下幾個步驟：

1. 安裝和配置Nginx或Apache

首先，你需要在你的Linux服務器上安裝Nginx或Apache作為反向代理服務器。

安裝Nginx

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

安裝Apache

sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2

2. 配置Nginx或Apache

Nginx配置示例

編輯Nginx配置文件（通常位于/etc/nginx/sites-available/yourdomain.com）：

upstream laravel_app {
    server 192.168.1.1:80;
    server 192.168.1.2:80;
    server 192.168.1.3:80;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name yourdomain.com;

    root /path/to/your/laravel/project;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock; # 根據你的PHP版本調整
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

Apache配置示例

編輯Apache配置文件（通常位于/etc/apache2/sites-available/yourdomain.com.conf）：

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName yourdomain.com
    DocumentRoot /path/to/your/laravel/project

    <Directory /path/to/your/laravel/project>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    ProxyPass / http://192.168.1.1:80/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.1.1:80/

    ProxyPass / http://192.168.1.2:80/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.1.2:80/

    ProxyPass / http://192.168.1.3:80/
    ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.1.3:80/
</VirtualHost>

3. 啟用站點并重啟Web服務器

Nginx

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/yourdomain.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx

Apache

sudo a2ensite yourdomain.com.conf
sudo systemctl restart apache2

4. 配置負載均衡策略

你可以根據需要選擇不同的負載均衡策略，如輪詢（Round Robin）、最少連接（Least Connections）等。

Nginx負載均衡策略示例

upstream laravel_app {
    least_conn;
    server 192.168.1.1:80;
    server 192.168.1.2:80;
    server 192.168.1.3:80;
}

5. 使用Keepalived實現高可用性

為了確保在某個服務器宕機時，流量能夠自動切換到其他服務器，可以使用Keepalived。

安裝Keepalived

sudo apt update
sudo apt install keepalived

配置Keepalived

編輯Keepalived配置文件（通常位于/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf）：

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1

    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 42
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    nat_mask 255.255.255.0
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.1.1 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 10
            connect_port 80
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.1.2 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 10
            connect_port 80
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.1.3 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_timeout 10
            connect_port 80
        }
    }
}

啟動Keepalived

sudo systemctl start keepalived
sudo systemctl enable keepalived

通過以上步驟，你可以在Linux服務器上使用Laravel實現負載均衡和高可用性。