Ubuntu虛擬機搭建數據庫服務器(以MySQL為例)
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install mysql-server -y
sudo systemctl start mysql # 啟動服務
sudo systemctl enable mysql # 開機自啟
sudo systemctl status mysql # 應顯示“active (running)”
mysql_secure_installation
命令,完成以下安全配置:
sudo mysql -u root -p # 輸入root密碼
mydb
替換為你的數據庫名):CREATE DATABASE mydb;
myuser
),并授予其對數據庫的所有權限(將mypassword
替換為強密碼):CREATE USER 'myuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mydb.* TO 'myuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; # 刷新權限使設置生效
exit
或\q
退出控制臺。sudo nano /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
找到bind-address = 127.0.0.1
行,注釋掉(在行首添加#
),保存并退出(允許所有IP連接)。sudo systemctl restart mysql
sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp # 允許TCP端口3306
sudo ufw reload # 重新加載防火墻規則
remote_ip
替換為實際IP):CREATE USER 'remote_user'@'remote_ip' IDENTIFIED BY 'remotepassword';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mydb.* TO 'remote_user'@'remote_ip';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql -u myuser -p -h localhost # 輸入密碼
USE mydb; # 切換到mydb數據庫
CREATE TABLE users (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50)); # 創建表
INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES ('Alice'), ('Bob'); # 插入數據
SELECT * FROM users; # 查詢數據
若能正常執行上述命令,說明數據庫服務器搭建成功。注意事項:
mysql_secure_installation
中已配置),并使用強密碼;mysqldump
工具);