一、環境準備
sudo yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
,安裝完成后通過java -version
驗證是否成功。/opt
)。例如:wget https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.56/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.56.tar.gz
,tar xvf apache-tomcat-9.0.56.tar.gz -C /opt
,建議重命名為/opt/tomcat
便于管理。/etc/profile
文件,添加Tomcat環境變量:export CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat
、export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
,保存后執行source /etc/profile
使配置生效。二、配置Tomcat集群
$CATALINA_HOME/conf
目錄,編輯server.xml
文件,在<Engine>
元素內添加<Cluster>
配置,啟用集群通信和會話復制。關鍵配置如下:<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster">
<!-- 會話管理器:DeltaManager支持主節點故障時自動切換 -->
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<!-- 通信通道:組播方式發現節點 -->
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto"
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<!-- 故障檢測:自動剔除不可用節點 -->
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/>
</Channel>
<!-- 負載均衡閥:僅轉發動態請求到集群 -->
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=""/>
<!-- 部署器:支持集群內war包自動部署 -->
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<!-- 集群監聽器:監控集群狀態 -->
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
$CATALINA_HOME/conf/context.xml
文件,在<Context>
標簽內添加distributable="true"
屬性,允許應用支持分布式會話:<Context distributable="true">
<!-- 其他配置 -->
</Context>
WEB-INF
目錄,編輯web.xml
文件,在<web-app>
標簽內添加<distributable/>
標簽,聲明該應用需要參與集群:<web-app>
<distributable/>
<!-- 其他配置 -->
</web-app>
三、配置負載均衡(Nginx為例)
sudo yum install epel-release
(啟用EPEL倉庫),sudo yum install nginx
,安裝完成后啟動Nginx并設置開機自啟:sudo systemctl start nginx
、sudo systemctl enable nginx
。/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
文件,在http
塊內添加upstream
集群定義,指定Tomcat節點的IP和端口(如8080
),然后配置server
塊將請求轉發到集群:http {
upstream tomcat_cluster {
server 192.168.1.101:8080; # Tomcat節點1
server 192.168.1.102:8080; # Tomcat節點2
server 192.168.1.103:8080; # Tomcat節點3
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name yourdomain.com; # 替換為你的域名或IP
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_cluster;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
}
}
}
保存后執行sudo nginx -t
測試配置語法,無誤后重啟Nginx:sudo systemctl restart nginx
。四、啟動集群并驗證
$CATALINA_HOME/bin
目錄,執行./startup.sh
啟動Tomcat??赏ㄟ^ps -ef | grep tomcat
確認進程是否運行,或訪問http://節點IP:8080
查看Tomcat默認頁面。http://yourdomain.com
),多次刷新頁面,觀察請求是否被分發到不同Tomcat節點(可通過Tomcat的/status
頁面查看當前訪問節點)。