Ubuntu MySQL集群搭建教程

在Ubuntu上搭建MySQL集群可以通過多種方式實現，包括使用MySQL Cluster、Kubernetes的StatefulSet等。以下是使用Kubernetes的StatefulSet部署MySQL主從集群的詳細步驟：

準備工作

1. 創建Namespace

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: mysql
labels:
  app: mysql

2. 配置密碼Secret

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: mysql-secret
namespace: mysql
labels:
  app: mysql
type: Opaque
data:
  password: MTIzNDU2  # base64編碼的密碼，生產環境建議使用更復雜的密碼

主從配置分離

1. 創建ConfigMap

主節點配置（master.cnf）

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: mysql
namespace: mysql
data:
  master.cnf: |
    [mysqld]
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    skip-name-resolves

從節點配置（slave.cnf）

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: mysql
namespace: mysql
data:
  slave.cnf: |
    [mysqld]
    super-read-only
    log-bin=mysql-bin
    replicate-ignore-db=mysql

網絡服務配置

1. Headless Service

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql
namespace: mysql
labels:
  app: mysql
spec:
  ports:
  - name: mysql
    port: 3306
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: mysql

2. 讀寫分離Service

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-read
namespace: mysql
labels:
  app: mysql
spec:
  ports:
  - name: mysql
    port: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql

核心StatefulSet部署

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mysql
namespace: mysql
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  serviceName: "mysql"
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      initContainers:
      - name: init-mysql
        image: mysql:5.7
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysql-secret
              key: password
        command:
        - bash
        - "-c"
        - |
          set -ex
          ordinal=$(hostname | awk '{print $NF}')
          echo "[mysqld] > /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf"
          echo "server-id=$((100 + $ordinal))" >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
          if [ $ordinal -eq 0 ]; then
            echo "server-id=100" >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
          else
            echo "server-id=$((100 + $ordinal))" >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
          fi
      containers:
      - name: mysql
        image: mysql:5.7
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mysql-secret
              key: password
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
        volumeMounts:
        - name: mysql-persistent-data
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: mysql-persistent-data
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 10Gi

部署步驟總結

1. 創建Namespace和Secret：定義用于隔離MySQL集群的環境和密碼。
2. 配置ConfigMap：存儲主節點和從節點的配置文件。
3. 配置網絡服務：創建Headless Service和讀寫分離Service，以便正確路由流量。
4. 部署StatefulSet：使用StatefulSet部署MySQL主從集群，確保每個節點有獨立身份和持久化數據。

通過以上步驟，您可以在Ubuntu上成功搭建一個MySQL主從集群。請根據實際需求和環境調整配置。