在Linux系統中，分區后可以通過以下幾種方法來檢查分區的狀態和完整性：
lsblk 命令lsblk 命令可以列出所有可用的塊設備及其掛載點。
lsblk
輸出示例：
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 50G 0 part /
├─sda2 8:2 0 50G 0 part [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
fdisk 或 parted 命令fdisk 和 parted 命令可以用來查看和管理磁盤分區。
fdisksudo fdisk -l
輸出示例：
Disk /dev/sda: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a9e6b
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 104857600 209715199 104857599 50G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
partedsudo parted -l
輸出示例：
Model: ATA ST1000LM024H (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 100GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 51.2GB 51.2GB ext4
2 51.2GB 100GB 48.8GB linux-swap(v1)
df 命令df 命令可以顯示文件系統的磁盤空間使用情況。
df -h
輸出示例：
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 798M 9.6M 788M 2% /run
/dev/sda1 50G 10G 38G 21% /
tmpfs 3.9G 12M 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 50G 0 50G 0% [SWAP]
mount 命令mount 命令可以顯示當前掛載的文件系統。
mount | column -t
輸出示例：
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=3932128k,nr_inodes=983032,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=798M,mode=755)
/dev/sda2 on none type swap (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime)
smartctl 命令smartctl 是一個用于監控硬盤健康狀況的工具，可以檢查硬盤的SMART信息。
首先安裝 smartmontools：
sudo apt-get install smartmontools # Debian/Ubuntu
sudo yum install smartmontools # CentOS/RHEL
然后檢查硬盤健康狀況：
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
輸出示例：
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-29 r3784 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: ATA ST1000LM024H
Serial Number: WDCWCAVX01960
Firmware Version: CC45
User Capacity: 100,020,000,128 bytes [100 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Thu Apr 6 12:34:56 2023 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Automatic Offline Data Collection Frequency: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
is not scheduled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 120) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
write command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 19) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x703f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 020 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 5
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 1234
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 200 200 100 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 5
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Error Log present
通過以上方法，你可以全面檢查Linux系統的分區狀態和完整性。
