在Debian上實現K8S（Kubernetes）自動化部署可以通過多種方法實現，以下是一個基本的步驟指南，使用Kubeadm工具來安裝和管理Kubernetes集群。
硬件和軟件要求：
安裝Debian系統：
更新系統：
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
安裝Docker：
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [archamd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
禁用Swap：
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
配置內核參數：
編輯/etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-k8s.conf文件，添加以下內容：
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
使配置生效：
sudo sysctl --system
安裝containerd：
sudo apt install -y containerd
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml <<EOF
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
SystemdCgroup = true
EOF
sudo systemctl restart containerd
sudo systemctl enable containerd
添加Kubernetes APT倉庫：
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt update
安裝kubelet、kubeadm和kubectl：
sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
初始化Kubernetes集群：
在主控節點上執行：
sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
配置kubectl：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
安裝網絡插件（例如Flannel）：
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
加入工作節點：
在每個工作節點上執行初始化時生成的命令，例如：
sudo kubeadm join 192.168.1.236:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:186e7256966f0e2b3485a3b3ab15a0f1357195745e3d2fa6e9f386cfc24ecc5d
為了實現自動化部署，可以使用Ansible、Puppet、Chef等配置管理工具。以下是一個使用Ansible的簡單示例：
安裝Ansible：
sudo apt install -y ansible
創建Ansible Playbook（例如deploy-kubernetes.yml）：
---
- name: Deploy Kubernetes on Debian
hosts: all
become: yes
tasks:
- name: Update apt cache
apt:
update_cache: yes
- name: Install Docker
apt:
name: docker.io
state: present
- name: Disable Swap
lineinfile:
path: /etc/fstab
line: '# swap swap swap defaults 0 0'
backup: yes
- name: Configure kernel parameters
lineinfile:
path: /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-k8s.conf
line: 'net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1'
backup: yes
- name: Install containerd
apt:
name: containerd
state: present
- name: Add Kubernetes APT repository
apt:
name: apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
state: present
update_cache: yes
install_packages:
- curl
- lsb-release
- gnupg
- software-properties-common
post_invoke: /usr/bin/apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key C99B11DEB97541F0
create_file:
path: /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
content: |
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
- name: Install kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt:
name: kubelet kubeadm kubectl
state: present
update_cache: yes
- name: Initialize Kubernetes cluster
command: kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
- name: Configure kubectl
command: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
command: cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
command: chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
- name: Install Flannel network plugin
command: kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
- name: Join worker nodes to cluster
command: kubeadm join 192.168.1.236:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:186e7256966f0e2b3485a3b3ab15a0f1357195745e3d2fa6e9f386cfc24ecc5d
運行Ansible Playbook：
ansible-playbook deploy-kubernetes.yml
通過以上步驟，你可以在Debian上實現K8S的自動化部署。根據具體需求，可以進一步調整和擴展自動化腳本。
